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be covered over thinly with refuse of lime, say an 
incli or thereabouts in thickness ; brush it about 
with a broom and w'ater, so that it will fill all the 
crevices. This will prevent the I'oots penetrating 
into the bad soil below, and yet will admit of 
the moisture passing through. 
That space being done, the best soil of the 
next removal or trench may be lodged upon it, 
which must be mixed with any or all the follow- 
ing articles : Tanners’ bark, old decayed sticks 
and leaves, coal ashes, and always a good portion 
of pasture soil, that has laid half a year in a 
heap, or if only just taken fresh from the field, it 
will do, if moderately chopped in pieces. If the 
land is strong and tenacious from whence it is 
taken, the thinner the sod the better. From two 
to three tons, or the same number of one-horse 
loads of rotted manure, will be sufficient for a 
hundred square yards. I mention this because 
there is often much damage done by crowding a 
great body of fresh stable manure into fruit 
borders, especially when the trees are immediately 
planted amongst it. 
In cases of cold wet soil it will be of further 
service to mix with the earth, at the bottom, a 
good portion of stones, leaving a depth sufficient 
so that the stones may not be turned up by the 
spade. In the process of trenching it will be neces- 
sary to form a drain in the above manner every nine 
feet, and have all the former operations proceeded 
with, and in this way the whole may be carried 
