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as not to admit of the sun’s rays purifying and 
clearing away the stagnant damps, and exerting 
their natural powers on the soil in which the trees are 
planted. If watering was judiciously attended to, 
mildew would not be so prevalent, providing the soil 
in which the trees grow is good, and under proper 
culture. I would say, water pretty freely and seldom ; 
I mean do not water every day, or every other 
day, but rather about once a week, and I should 
suppose once a week, or even once a fortnight too 
often for a general watering, except the weather is 
very hot and dry. I do not say that slight watering, 
for the purpose of creating dew or steam, should 
not be oftener adopted ; on the contrary, I believe 
it to be highly necessary in the evenings of hot 
weather. 
I would just remark here, that when fruit 
trees of any kind have been some time planted, 
and extended their roots to a considerable dis- 
tance, it will be most proper to water all over the 
borders, where it will be likely to meet with the 
fibrous roots, and not confine the application 
close to the stem of the tree, as we too often find 
practised. It is there seldom of much service, as 
the moisture is principally absorbed by the finer 
roots, of which there are generally but few near 
the trunk or stem of moderate sized or large trees. 
Canker. — This is a disease common to 
Apple, Pear, and other trees, more especially the 
former, to some kinds of wliich it proves a most 
