262 
any symptoms of it, more than the old wounds 
that may not yet have become healed ; and shall 
also find, even in cold summers and severe win- 
ters, that where trees are gTowing in dry stoney 
soils, and warm sheltered situations, they will be 
rarely infected. We further see, that the Rib- 
stone Pippin and the Jargonel Pear are not at all 
visited with this complaint when trained against 
walls, providing the soils are not too wet and 
cold, while those in the open ground, in the same 
vicinity, are nearly destroyed, 
I should recommend, to avoid this disorder, 
that plantations should be made in warm situa- 
tions, and warm, kind soil, and where nature has 
not done it, art must be used, as directed for the 
prevention of the Mildew. If it is not necessary to 
pave and prepare the bottom to the extent directed 
for Mildew, on account of the soil being pretty 
good to a considerable depth, yet it Avill still be 
found very beneficial to form the paving as there 
laid down, to the extent of four to five feet round, 
that when the trees are planted in the centre, the 
first root may be directed horizontally, which not 
only renders it serviceable in preventing the root 
striking downwards into improper soil, but is also 
of essential service in bearing the root upwards, 
where it must naturally reap a greater share of 
wai-mth, which appears to be highly necessary for 
the promotion of health in the plant. When old 
quarries lie contiguous, so as to be under pro- 
tection, they may be advantageously appropriated 
