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to the growth of the most delicate kinds subject 
to this disease, by introducing a sufficient quan- 
tity of soil over the bottom of them, previous to 
planting. I would once more observe, it will be 
of great importance in the formation of fruit 
partments, where land is wet, cold, and tena- 
cious, to introduce a good portion of stones, and 
1 recommend the omission of labour, in endea- 
vouring to clear land of stones, which appears so 
much aimed at by many. Certainly in dressed 
grounds they are offensive to the eye ; in such 
cases they should be removed as far as it is 
necessary to render it pleasant, I do not mean 
to say what is deemed necessary shall not be 
removed in other places, but I think it will be 
allowed, as I before said, that a sufficient portion 
will be necessary to produce warmth, create and 
encourage the fibrous roots, not only in clayey 
soils, but also in those of a lighter nature. 
Forsyth says “ Apple trees are liable to be 
infested with the Canker from the followins- 
causes, viz. From injudicious pruning; from the 
foot stalks of the fruit being left on the trees ; and 
from injuries sustained by applying ladders in 
getting fruit; these injuries are very hurtful to the 
tree, and will infallibly bring on the Canker, 
when no remedy is applied. A man ought to 
stand upon steps instead of a ladder, when the 
fruit is not within reach of the ground; care 
should also be taken in nailing, that the shreds 
be not too tight, which causes a swelling in the 
