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shoots, and very often produces the Canker. An- 
other cause of the Canker is when we have very 
wet autumns, such as that of 1790, which pre- 
vented the young wood from ripening and a hard 
frost setting in after, kills the young shoots. 
These, if left on the tree, will bring on the 
Canker, and increase its rapidity. Birds, and 
insects devouring the buds, will have the same 
effect. Careless people frequently leave the dead 
shoots on the tree throughout the summer, which 
will infallibly bring on the Canker; some even 
leave them for years, until the tree is totally 
killed ; they should be cut off at the end of April 
or beginning of May, as by that time you will be 
able to see how far the disease has advanced.” 
He further observes, “ it is a general 
opinion that the Canker in all trees proceeds from 
the nature of the ground in which they are plant- 
ed, such as sour clay, a thin or gravely soil, 
&c.” He also observes, “ the Canker proceeds 
from bruises in the bark, from limbs cut off", &c. 
When these limbs begin to rot and grow hollow, 
they canker to the root, for it always proceeds 
from the branches and stem to the roots, and from 
the I'oots to the tree.” 
The Gum. — T his is a disease incident to 
stone fruit, which appears to be caused by 
bruises, injudicious pruning, and immature shoots 
or branches. In pruning, when branches ai'e not 
closely and clearly taken off, but a portion left on. 
