l68 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
colour of these wing-like structures 
varies among the many different 
specific forms, being in some instances 
spotted or reticulated like those of a 
butterfly. 
This same family of the Agamoid 
Lizards includes a number of species 
of very dissimilar aspect and habits, 
which are almost exclusively confined 
to the Old VVorldorOrientalzolodgical 
region. Australia in particular is 
remarkably rich in representatives of 
this group, many of them of con- 
siderable size. Certain of these have 
within recent years been found to 
be endowed with the power of bipedal 
locomotion. The Frilled Lizard 
of Queensland and the northern 
territories of Western Australia was 
the first species in which this bipedal 
habit was authentically demonstrated 
in connection with examples observed 
in Australia and also brought to 
England by the writer, one of the 
last-named examples furnishing the 
photographs reproduced on page 567. 
In other respects this lizard is one of 
the most remarkable of its tribe. 
The peculiar Elizabethan collar-like 
frill, capable of erection or depression 
at the creature’s will, imparts to it 
a most singular appearance. When 
at rest or undisturbed, this mem- 
branous frill-like structure is folded 
down in neat, symmetrical pleats 
A li'zard iviih ivin^-Iike membranes -.upported h'i the abnormally developed ribs. , ,, ,, , , , , 
It takes long flights from 'tree to tree ai'ound the lizard s iicck. bhould the 
creature be approached by man or 
dog or other aggressive animal, the mouth springs open to its widest, and simultaneously with 
this action the frill is erected like the sudden opening of an umbrella, and stands out at right 
angles around the neck, imparting to it a most formidable and threatening aspect. Dogs, in 
fact, w'hich will habitually chase and kill larger lizards, such as the Monitors, will frequently 
halt and retire discomfited when confronted with a frilled lizard at bay with its frill erected. 
The brilliant colour of this frill, more especially in the male, adds very considerably to the 
formidable appearance of this lizard. While the body of this lizard is usually of a light 
brown colour, with more or less distinct darker transverse bars and reticulations, the frill-like 
membrane has a ground-colour in which orange and chrome-yellow chiefly predominate, and 
upon which are superimposed splashings and speckles of brilliant scarlet. While the total 
length of this averages 2 feet, the expanded frill in adult males is not infrequently as 
much as 8 or 9 inches in diameter. The peculiar, grotesquely human aspect presented 
by the frilled lizard when running on its hind legs only will be appreciated on reference 
to the accompanying photographs. This erect attitude is only assumed when the frilled 
lizard is traversing more or less considerable distances and moving on level ground. Under 
FLYING-DRAGON OF JAVA 
