230 THE LIVING ANIMALS OL THE WORLD 
coasts of Britain, and extending from tropical to arctic seas. Their curiously shaped heads 
give them a very quaint appearance. One of the most remarkable peculiarities of these fishes 
is the separate condition of some of the rays of the breast-fins, which form finger-like organs, 
used to feel the ground and rake over loose stones, to discover small shrimps and other 
animals hidden underneath. Furthermore, the gurnards are peculiar in that they are enabled 
to communicate one with another by means of sounds produced by the expulsion of air from 
one compartment of the air-bladder to another. The females are much more common than 
the males, aiid also slightly larger. The young are remarkable for the enormous size of the 
breast-fins, though even in the adult these are unusually large. 
Close allies of the Gurnards are the Flying-GURN.\RDS, which, by reason of the extreme 
development of the breast-fins, are enabled to take flying leaps out of the water. One species 
is common in the Mediterranean. The flying-gurnard is not to be mistaken for the true 
“ flying-flsh,” or flying-herring, described later. 
The curious mail-clad .A.RMEL) BULL-HE.\D, or POGtJE, commonly taken in shrimp-nets, is an 
ally of the flying-gurnard. 
Photo by IVt SavilU-Kenty F. Z. \_Milford ~on-Sea 
BAR-TAILED FLAT-HEAD 
shallow-water f.sh 
Photo by W, Saville-Ktnt^ F.Z. S.] \_Milford-on-Sea 
ROCK FLAT-HEAD 
About forty species of fat-heads are known 
CHAPTER V 
LUMPSUCKERS, GOBIES, BLENNIES, BARRACUDAS, GREY MULLETS, 
STICKLEBACKS AND THEIR ALLIES, GARPIKE, AND ELTING-FISHES 
BV W. P. PVCRAFT, A.L.S., F.Z.S. 
U GLY in appearance and carnivorous in habits, the Sucker-fish Family are distinguished 
by the presence of a large round sucker on the belly, with which they adhere to rocks. 
Furthermore, the sucker-fishes are remarkable for the softness of their skeleton, which 
may be cut through at any point with an ordinar}' knife. The male lump-sucker is smaller 
than the female, but much more brightly coloured, especially during the breeding-season, when 
he dons a livery of blue, scarlet, and yellow. He is also a model parent, always remaining near 
the eggs and keeping a constant stream of fresh water running over them by the action of 
his breast-fins. A single female may produce as many as 136,000 eggs in a single season. 
In Scotland the male is known as the CoCK and the female as the Hex Paddle. The species 
is more common off the coasts of Scotland than elsewhere in the British Islands. 
Like the Lump-suckers, the Gobies, which form the next family, have the ventral fins 
modified so as to form a sucking-disk, which is used as an anchor. But the gobies are easily 
