319 
8CALE-WINGED INSECTS 
wings, thick, tapering bodies, and the antenna; 
thickest in the middle. The pink, greenish- 
striped Elephant Hawk-moth (see page 718) 
is a comparatively small species. The speci- 
mens measure about 2|- inches across the wings. 
Some species are much larger. The Death’S- 
HEAD Hawk-moth, whose caterpillar feeds on 
potato-leaves, is 5 or 6 inches in expanse ; and 
some of the South American species measure 
as much as 9 inches. The caterpillars of the 
hawk-moths are generally green, often with 
oblique lines of a different colour on the sides. 
They are not hairy, though the skin is some- 
times rough, and there is a fleshy appendage, 
called a “horn,” on the back, just before the 
extremity of the body. The brown pupas 
are found in cells in the ground. 
The Chinese 
Mulberry-silk- 
worm, which pro- 
duces most of the 
silk of commerce, 
is a smooth, 
whitish caterpillar, about 2 inches 
Photo by E. C. Atkimon 
ORANGE-TIP 
Showing three different positions when wings are folded, and partly 
or entirely concealing upper wing 
often reared in England on lettuce. 
Photo by J. Edwards, Colesborne 
long, with a horn. It is 
The moth is a sluggish, 
stout-bodied insect. It is whitish, with two dusky stripes on the 
fore wings. The pupa is enclosed in an oval whitish or yellow 
cocoon of pure silk. 
The Emperor-moths, of which there is only one species 
in England, likewise spin large cocoons, sometimes used for 
LARGE GRIZZLED 
SKIPPER BUTTERFLY 
Upper- and undersides 
commercial purposes. The 
caterpillars are generally more 
or less spiny or tufted. Some 
of the moths have long tails 
on the hind wings, like swallow- 
tailed butterflies, and there 
are several species in South 
Europe, South Africa, the East 
Indies, and North America of 
a beautiful sea-green colour. 
It will be noticed that the 
speci mens represented on page 
718 have the tails a little 
broken, which is a very com- 
mon accident with swallow- 
tailed butterflies and moths. 
We may also notice the round 
1 
yhoto by W. P. Dandc, F.Z.S. 
SWALLOW-TAILED BUTTERFLY 
