330 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
The Frog-hoppers and their allies differ from the Bugs in the fore wings being uniform 
in texture throughout, and not membranous, with the tips transparent. Sometimes the fore 
wings are of a more or less horny texture, but they are frequently as transparent as the 
hind wings. All the species are plant-feeding insects. 
The first family, the Cicadas, includes a number of large or moderate-sized species, in 
which the males are provided with a large, drum-like apparatus on the abdomen, and some of 
which make the loud noise for which they have long been celebrated. There is only one 
comparatively small species in England, which is rare, and almost confined to the New Forest. 
It is black, with transparent wings, about i.l inch in expanse, and has red transverse lines 
on the abdomen. The largest Indian species, however, sometimes expands 8 inches. Cicadas 
have broad heads, broad short bodies, ending rather abruptly in a point, and their larvae live 
in the ground, where they are sometimes iniurious to the roots of trees. The wings are 
L 
Fhclo hy J. Ed ■vards'\ 
INDIAN CANDLE-FLY 
Erroneously stated to be luminous 
[ Colesbtrnc 
usually, but not always, transparent — a very common Indian and Chinese species, about 
3 inches in expanse, being black, with large 3 ^ellow spots on the fore wings. In North 
America and Australia cicadas are often miscalled Locusts. 
The Lantern-flies, or Candle-flies, which form the next familjT derive their name from 
having been stated to be luminous, a statement which is now considered very doubtful. 
They are insects of considerable size and bright colours, occasionally resembling butterflies 
and moths; the largest species, the Lantern-elv of South xAmerica, sometimes measures as 
much as 5 inches across the wings, which are of a pale yellowish or greenish tint, with a large 
round spot on the hind wings, formed of black rings or crescents, and enclosing one or two 
large white spots. On the head is an immense hollow, blunt protuberance, marked with one 
or two longitudinal red lines. In some species there is a curved horn in front of the head ; 
in some the horn forms a short cross; in others it ends in a red knob; while others are 
destitute of such an appendage. The hind wings are often brightly coloured, red or yellow 
usually predominating. 
