170 
THE CONDOR 
Vol. XV 
Thus, taking the Pacific Coast representatives of the spotted towhee, we may 
consider orcgoniis, mcgaloJiyx and ciirtatiis as occupying respectively the three 
points of a V, with mcgalonxx at the point of junction. There is unbroken con- 
nection between orcgonus and incgaloiiyx through falcifcr, and between curtatus 
and nicgalonyx through falcincUus ; but as far as the available material shows 
there is no connection between orcgonus and curtatus. 
The bird of the islands {P. ui. cicuicutac) has the large feet and claws, even 
more greatly developed than uicgalouyx, but in coloration it is distinctly of the 
gray-rumped inland type. 
No specimens of the Lower California P. ui. uiaguirostris have been avail- 
able for comparison, but from the published descriptions it appears that one of 
the distinctive features of the subspecies is again large feet and claws. 
From all this it would seem that the southwestern subspecies of Pigilo luacii- 
latiis are distinguished from others of the species by the excessive development of 
feet and claws; while the northwestern (humid coast) and eastern (Rocky 
Mountain) forms are alike in having these members comparatively small and weak. 
The northwestern bird, in common with a majority of the animals of the same 
region, has assumed an intenselv dark coloration. The Rocky Mountain forms 
(applying this term to curtatus as well as to arcticus and niontaiiiis) are all 
decidedly grayish in color. 
In its comparatively dark hue uicgalouvx is probably to be regarded as a modi- 
fication of the black orcgonus, with which it is unbrokenly connected, but this 
view does not explain the coloration of the neighboring race cicuicutac. Bv char- 
acters of the proportional size of the bill and feet uicgalouyx and cicuicutac are 
closely connected, but the island bird is abruptly grayish colored, of the general 
style of the Rocky Mountain forms. 
Pipilo maculatus meg’alonyx Baird. Spurred Towhee. 
Type Locality. — Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. 
Range. — Pacific slope of .southern California ; north along the coast to San 
Luis Obispo County ; in the interior, to the southern Sierra Nevada ( northern 
Kern County). xA.lso on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands. 
Spcciiiiciis cxaiiiiucd from the following localities. San Diego County: Dul- 
zura ; Julian; Foster. Orange County: Trabuco Canyon; Santa xAna Canyon. 
Riverside County : San Jacinto Mountains ; Santa Rosa Mountains. San Ber- 
nardino County : San Bernardino IMonntains. Los Angeles County : Pasadena ; 
El Monte: Glendora; Cerritos; Santa Monica Mountains. Ventura County: Ven- 
tura : Nordhoff ; Mount Pinos ; head of Piru Creek. Kern County : Mount Breck- 
inridge ; Kern River, 12 miles below Bodfish ; Greenhorn Mountains; west slope 
of Walker Pass: Fay Creek, 6 miles north of Weldon; Kiavah Mountain; Onyx. 
Santa Barbara County: Santa Cruz Island. San Luis Obispo County: Santa 
Margarita ; Paso Robles. Total number of specimens, 166. 
Distiiigiiishiug Characters. — Coloration very dark, and white markings re- 
stricted. Adult male (and sometimes the immature male as well) with the entire 
back uniformly deep black (except for the usual white markings), the rump being 
deep black instead of more or less grayish or olivaceous. Hind claw longer than 
in any other California race of Pipilo maculatus. 
Remarks. — Pipilo 111. uicgalouyx as here defined is almost the equivalent of 
Ridgway’s ( 1899, p. 254) P. ui. at rat ns. There is, as pointed out by that author, 
a race on the Pacific slope of southern California, characterized principally by 
exceedingly dark coloration ; but the range of this subspecies includes the type 
locality of Pipilo uicgalouyx Baird, Fort Tejon, and extends some distance north 
