Jail., 1914 
SECOND LIST OF BIRDS OF THE BERKELEY C.-^MPUS 
29 
the stream-courses are lined with bay (or California laurel), alder, and willow. 
Clumps of bay occur in the heads of the upper ravines and even on the crests of 
the highest hills. The prevalent tree over the whole Campus is the live-oak, which 
reaches large dimensions on the lower Campus, and occurs in smaller size mixed 
with the chaparral of the lower hill-slopes. 
The ujiper, hilly portion of the Campus consists chiefly of truly “wild" land, 
save as the open parts have been pastured over for many years. This clement of 
wildness accounts for the occurrence of many of the less familiar species of birds. 
Then on the lower Campus, the growth of planted groves, and gardens, has added 
to the native features attractive to bird-life. In spite of this, however, there ha^ 
been a notable decrease in the past six years in the aggregate native bird popula- 
tion. This is partly accounted for by the building up closely of the lower and more 
level country (and to this extent it is inevitable), and partly by the ravages of 
house cats a.nd the increase of the English Sparrow. 
Number of birds to be seen at any one time is pretty constant. A daily 
"horizon", that is, the number of species noted in the course of one day’s or part- 
da.y's observation, consists ordinarily of 20 to 24 species. On July 3, 1909, the 
writer recorded 29 species; on February ii, 1911, 26 species; on March 25, 1911, 
22 species; on January 20. 1912, 20 species. On October i8, 1913, a four hours 
census showed 27 species and 410 individuals. 
There is little evidence of the semi-annual migratory movement of the birds, 
so conspicuous in .■^ome parts of the United States. Our list of transient species 
is short, and relatively very few individuals of any of the non-resident categories 
are through migrants; the summer visitants and the winter visitants, in each case, 
simply arrive scatteringly to stay for the season, and their dejiarture is so grad- 
ual as to often go unnoticed. 
From a distributional standpoint, the Berkeley Campus is situated in the Up- 
per Sonoran life-zone, with a marked Transition or even Boreal infusion notice- 
able particularly in the summer-visitant category of birds. Of the latter are to he 
listed the Olive-sided Flycatcher, Western Wood Pewee, Cassin Vireo, 'I'olmie 
Warbler, and Allen Hummingbird. The resident Coast Jay, Pine Siskin and 
Nuttall Sparrow' are typically birds of the cool humid coast strip of California. It 
looks as though the amount of the gap in the continuity of the coast fauna at 
Golden Gate were simply transported to the eastward across the bay by the pre- 
vailingly west winds and deposited on the west-facing slopes adjacent to Oakland 
and Berkeley. 
The writer’s cordial acknowledgments are hereby extended to i\B‘S. Amelia 
Sanborn Allen, Mrs. Hilda Wood Grinnell, IMiss Margaret W. Wythe, Dr. Harold 
C. Bryant, Mr. Tracy I. Storer and Mr. Harry S. Swarth, for notes and records 
furnished by them. It is chiefly because of the contributions from their stock of 
information, as recorded in their field note-books, that the writer is able to furnish 
the accompanying annotations. Initials are used to designate responsibility for 
specific records. 
Classified seasonally we find that 33 of our birds are permanent residents, 21 
are summer visitants, 29 are winter visitants and 14 are transients. A total of 97 
species is now accredited to the Berkeley Campus, as against 76 three years ago. 
It is estimated that a mean population of approximately 8000 individual birds is 
maintained throughout the year within the area here treated. 
Because of the arbitrary limitation of the present list to those species which 
have been seen on the University grounds, a number of well-known birds of the 
San Francisco Bay region are notably missing. Many of these, such as the Barn 
