COTTESE OF dVTUZA.T'ION. 
309 
j ! “ v ' e not sufficed to make it known among the Indians of 
the peninsula of Araya, opposite the port of Cumana. The 
colours used by the Maypures are the oxides of iron and 
manganese, and particularly the yellow and red ochres that 
are found in the hollows of sandstone. Sometimes the 
ecula of the Bignonia chica is employed, after the pottery 
has been exposed to a feeble fire. This painting is covered 
'nth a varnish of algarolto, which is the transparent resin of 
the Hymemea courbaril. The large vessels in which the 
chiza is preserved are called ciamacu; the smallest bear the 
name of mucra, from which word the Spaniards of the coast 
have framed murcura. Not only the Maypures, but also the 
uaypunaves, the Caribs, the Ottomaes, and even the Gfua- 
®os, are distinguished at the Orinoco as makers of painted 
Pottery, and this manufacture extended formerly towards the 
anks of the Amazon. Orellana was struck with the painted 
ornaments on the ware of the Omaguas, who in his time were 
a populous commercial nation. 
The following facts throw some light on the history of 
American civilization. In the United States, west of the 
Alleghany mountains, particularly between the Ohio and 
he great lakes of Canada, on digging the earth, frag- 
ments oi painted pottery, mingled with brass tools, are con- 
stantly found. This mixture may well surprise us in a 
country where, on the first arrival of Europeans, the natives 
Y ere ignorant of the use of metals. In the forests of South 
America, which extend from the equator as far as the 
mghth degree of north latitude, from the foot of the Andes 
to the Atlantic, this painted pottery is discovered in the 
most desert places, but it is found accompanied by hatchets 
t.jade and other hard stones, skilfully perforated. No me- 
ailic tools or ornaments have ever been discovered ; though 
i the mountains on the shore, and at the back of the Cor- 
eras, the art ol melting gold and copper, and of mixing 
k 6 mtter metal with tin to make cutting instruments, was 
own. How can we account for these contrasts between the 
p lw .P era te and the torrid zone ? The Incas of Peru had 
^ lc ' r con quests and their religious wars as far as the 
exr the Napo and the Amazon, where their language 
th 6 T d °. ver a smad space of land ; but the civilization of 
e Peruvians, of the inhabitants of Quito, and of the 
