25 
place. They preferred to remain within the woodland at night, and one 
morning he found attached to the hair of the animals a number of pupa 
cases. The Cicadas had clambered upon the backs of the hogs, and 
there left their outer garments. I have learned of several instances in 
which hogs discovered the Cicadas before they emerged from the ground, 
and in some localities they rooted over a considerable amount of ground, 
to some depth, searching for this new-found food. Farmers gathered 
the immature iusects upon their appearance and fed them to poultry. 
In most localities where they had been abundant seventeen years 
before they appeared this year, but in many instances but few insects 
represented the vast numbers of their previous maturity. In many 
places where they were abundant at their last preceding appearance no 
representatives appeared this year. Many were there which did not 
emerge from the pupal covering, but from the heat of the morning sun, 
the attacks of birds and of insects, perished. 
May 31 they began making their peculiar noise, and by June 7 the 
woods resounded with their rattling notes. June 5 they began mating. 
Five days later most of them appear^ to be mated. Ten days after 
beginning mating they commenced depositing eggs. In this work I have 
always seen the female with the head higher than any other part of the 
body. Owing to this fact the eggs appear on some trees to have been 
deposited from a certain direction, while on others the opposite appears 
to be the direction whence they came. Upon the oak and apple, trees 
whose limbs generally grow quite erect, the ovipositor has been inserted 
from above, or from towards the end of the limb; while upon beech, elm, 
and other trees, which have a droopiug habit, the eggs were deposited 
from the opposite direction, that toward the base of the limb. The fe- 
male effects an opening into the wood by means of two small saw-like 
organs. An excavation is made, consisting of two apartments separated 
by a thin partition of wood. Into these cavities the ovipositor is in- 
serted ; apparently an egg is deposited in each of these chambers at the 
same time, and each one is lying at the same angle with the partition 
wall. The eggs are packed very regularly, and under a glass of low 
power look very much like grains of rice. The openings of these egg- 
cavities are from five-sixteenths to one-half of an inch in length, and 
were found three-eighths, and occasionally a few one-half, of an inch 
apart. Sometimes but two or three punctures were to be seen on a 
limb, and again the punctured limb would be upwards of a foot in length. 
A limb of Black Gum ( Nyssa multiflora , Wang.), showing a line of inci- 
sions 18 inches long, proved by actual count to have 48 egg chambers 
upon it, all in a straight line, and doubtless the work of a single insect. 
The largest limb found punctured was not over one half an inch in dia- 
meter. Egg-laying was not confined to trees of auy particular species, 
yet there were some kinds of trees apparently more desirable than 
others. 
