30 
Brookville not one could be found, and I doubt if a single specimen was 
permitted to deposit its eggs, owing to the persistent warfare waged by 
this garrulous sparrow. Of native birds the Robin, Merula migrator ia, 
Sw. & Rich.; Blackbird, Quiscalus purpureus ceneus , Ridg.; Oat-bird, 
Galeoscoptes carolinensis , Cab.; Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes 
erythroceplialus , Sw.; G-olden-winged Woodpecker, Golaptes auratus , S w. ; 
Towhee Bunting, Pipilo erythrophthalmus , Vieill. ; and Orchard Oriole, 
Icterus spur ius, Bp., were their greatest enemies. Food of every other 
sort appeared to be neglected in order that they might feast for a lim- 
ited period upon the easily captured Cicada. Of other birds examiued 
the following contained Cicada remains: Brown Thrasher, Harporhyn- 
chus rufus , Cab. ; Baltimore Oriole, Icterus galbula , Coues ; Scarlet Tana- 
ger, Pyranga rubra , Vieill.; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Polioptila ceerulea , 
Scl.; Worm-eating W arbler, Helminthot her us vermivor us, S. & G.; Purple 
Martin, Progne subis, Baird; Wood Pewee, C onto pus virens, Cab.; Wood 
Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina, Baird; Yellow-throated Vireo, Lanivireo 
Havifrons, Baird; Cardinal Grosbeak, Cardinal) s virginianus, Bp.; Tufted 
Titmouse, Lophophanes bicolor , Bp.; Carolina Chickadee, Pams carolin- 
ensis, And.; Chipping Sparrow, Spizella domestica, Coues; Downy Wood- 
pecker, Picus villosus, L. ; Great-crested Flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus, 
Cab.; Indigo bird, Passerina cyanea, Gray; Cow bird, Molothrus ater, 
Gray; White-bellied Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis, Gmel. ; Yellow-billed 
Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus, Bp.; Black-billed Cuckoo, C. erythrophthal- 
mus, Baird; Gold Finch, Astragalinus tristis, Cab.; Crow, Corvus frugiv- 
orus Bartr., and Cedar bird, Ampelis cedrorum, Baird. But two species 
of all the birds examined showed no evidence of Cicada eating. These 
were the Blue Warbler, Dendroeca ceerulea, Baird, and the Warbling 
Vireo, Vireosylva gilva , Cass. Most birds only eat the softer parts, but 
some species — the Robin, Brown Thrasher, Towhee Bunting, and a few 
others — eat also the wings and legs, and even occasionally the head. I 
found Fox Squirrels, Sciurus niger ludovicianus, Allen, eating them, 
the young showing greater fondness for this food than did their parents. 
The Ground Squirrel, u Chipmunk,” Tamias striatus, Baird, was very 
fond of them. I have seen this mammal climb to the highest limbs of 
an apple tree seeking Cicadas. When Cicadas fell into our streams 
many of them became the prey of various species of fish. Our fisher- 
men complained of their inability to get fish to take the hook while 
they were feeding upon this new food. The remains of these insects 
were found in Black Bass, Micropterus sahnoides , Henshall; Blue Cat 
Fish, Ichthaelurus punctatus, Jordan; and White Sucker, Catostomus 
teres , LeS. Rev. D. R. Moore, a valued fellow- worker, found two spe- 
cies of snails, Mesodon exoleta, Binn., and M. elevcita, Say, feeding upon 
dead Cicadas. This fact was a great surprise to me. But few instances 
were recorded of Digger Wasps killing these insects. Stizus grandis , 
Say, was the only species observed. Aside from the enemies mentioned 
above, there were many others to which I could not direct my attention. 
