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about noon, whereas in the mornings and evenings the foliage would 
be crowded with them. Happening one day, while standing under an 
apple tree, to detach a loose scale of the bark I was surprised to find 
more than a dozen of the worms on the under side stretched out side 
by side in a close cluster. An examination of the bark revealed the 
fact that almost every scale harbored a larger or smaller company of 
the worms. Nor was there any evidence of their having sought these 
retreats merely for the purpose of molting, as they were of all sizes and 
ages, and besides an examination a few hours later disclosed them rap- 
idly looping themselves up into the tree, as though in haste to begin 
their nightly banquet. Observation for several 'successive days estab- 
lished the fact of their habitual desertion of the foliage during the hot- 
test hours of the day and of their return to it as evening approached. 
As the infested trees had not been smoothed for some time, and the 
trunks were rather “ shaggy,’ 7 advantage was taken of this discovery to 
have them cleaned about noonday and thousands of the sluggish worms 
were thus scraped off with the scales of bark and burned. 
The Codling Moth was more than usually destructive to the apple 
crop throughout the West, destroying in many localities fully 75 per 
cent, of the fruit, and in not one orchard in a hundred were any meas- 
ures taken to destroy the pest or prevent its spread. 
The Broad-necked Root-borer ( Prionus laticollis , Drury) proved con- 
siderably destructive to young nursery stock in some parts of the State. 
In some sections of young apple trees sent me it was found to have 
worked up into the trunk for a distance of 4 or 5 inches. 
Leaf-hoppers of various kinds were noticeably abundant during mid- 
summer. Of these, two species of Fulgorids, Flata conica , Say, and 
Poeciloptera pruinosa , Say, attracted much attention on shrubs and 
herbaceous plants, some of which were seriously injured by them. 
The former species I observed chiefly on Osage Orange and Lilac. 
The larvae are scarcely distinguishable from those of P. pruinosa , being 
of the same bug-like form and greenish-white color and thickly cov- 
ered and surrounded by the white-tufted, sweetish secretion peculiar to 
the group. The pupae of the two species differ widely, that of pruinosa 
retaining the pale color and flattened form of the larvaand continuing 
to cover itself with the fibrous exudation. The pupae of F. conica , on the 
contrary, assume an angular, humped, somewhat beech-nut-like form, a 
grayish-brown color, and a more horny texture, while the white secretion 
is limited to two feathery tufts at the tail. The perfect insect of this 
species is a deep yellow-green, and with its broad moth like wings and 
crimson eyes it is a beautiful object. It is always gregarious, but es- 
pecially so in its perfect state, and I have often seen shoots of the 
Osage Orauge crowded with this insect ranged in close ranks for a dis- 
tance of 18 inches or 2 feet and presenting a most unique and not unat- 
tractive appearance. Th q pruinosa species is somewhat smaller and is 
