2G 
FORMS OF SHELL IN UNIVALVES. 
aapcmi MiilL, Succiiteti putris (L.), Limmva peregra (Miill.), 
and many other species. 
Fk;. 33.— .\ Sc.M.iriform Helix-. Fig. 3L— -V Scalariforni Limn.xa. 
I/c/i.v ncmoralis monst. scalnrc Fir., Limiura stagnalis m. scalari/ormc Ckll., 
Truro, Cornwall, Pond, Chislehurst, Kent, 
Collected by Mr. J. H. James, A.R. l.C. Collected by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, F.Z.S. 
Cer.vtoii), or SoALAUiT), wlieii the wliorls are 
([uite detached and separate from eacli 
other, often resembling a corkscrew, a. ram’s 
horn or a cornncopia, as occasionally fonnd 
in Ikilv mpcrsa Mhller, lldlv pomatia. L., 
Phdiorhis n/nh/'/icdtUK Miiller, /^((iiorhis 
xj)in/rhit< Miiller, etc. 
Kig. 35. — Example: as/crsa m, ( imeliu, garden 
of IMavvnan Sanctuary, near Falmouth, collected by the 
late Rev. W. Rogers, M.A. 
A Whorl is one complete spiral coil 
or volntion of the shell, and the one 
completing the shell and ending at the 
aperture is termed the Body-Whorl ; 
this is nsnally, hut not invariably, the 
most capacious as well as the last formed, 
and in the diaicious species, as Cychstonni, 
eleganx, is more tumid and volnminons 
in female than in male individuals. The 
whorls also vary in number in the diiferent .siiecies, some, as Vitr 'uKO, 
'l\'xfnccll((; etc., having few and raiiidly-enlarging whorls, while others. 
P'r'.. 3(5. — P'emale. Fra 37. — Male. 
Cyclostoma eU'gans (Midi.), 
Yarmouth, I. of Wight, 
.showing the sexual difference in 
the tumidity of the whorls. 
Animals dissected and the sexes 
verified by Mr. Clias. Ashford. 
P'lG. 38. — A Paucispiral Univalve. 
Viti'ina pelhicida v. dcprcssiuscida Jeffr. X 2, 
Haldon, Exeter, 
Collected by Mr. E. I). Manjuand. 
as the various species of Ikaimrliix, 
Fig. 39. — .V Mullispiral Univalve. 
riauorbh coiitortus X 2, 
River Colne, Watford, 
Collected by Mr. J. Uojtkinson, F.I^.S. 
etc., have nnmerons and more 
closely-coiled volutions. The whorls also e.xhihit peculiar characters 
