3I0NSTR0S1TIES. 
105 
f 
A 
Figs. 221, 1^1.— Linnuea stagnalis 
Salt Marshes, Sea of Aral, 
Collected by Mr. W. Bateson, M.A., 
Showing the result of living in periodically saline or 
brackish waters. 
Ill the saline marshes in the vicinity of the Sea of Aral, which 
are, how'ever, for a cousiderahle period of each 
year comparatively fresh, Mr. W. Bateson, M.A., 
found specimens of 
Liinnau stagnalis, L. 
aiiricnlaria, and L'lmnwa 
peregra, some of which 
appear to have undergone 
a certain degree of modi- 
fication, doubtless owing 
to the exceptional cha- 
racter of the environment; 
through the kindness of 
the Rev. A. II. Cooke, 
M.A., I am enabled to 
give several illustrations 
of Limnwa stagnaUs and 
Limnwa auriculnria, which will serve to illustrate the change in 
form and character the peculiar features of the region has induced. 
It is interesting to notice the comparatively slight effect the abnormal 
conditions have produced in the Limnwa stagnalis, which are fine 
and well-grown shells ; the unusual environment is, however, much 
more strongly indicated by the Limnwa auricularia, which are 
dwarfed and curiously mal- 
formed towards the aperture, 
thus confirming the results 
of Beudant’s experiments, 
Avhich showed Limnwa auri- 
cularia to be more sensitive 
than Limnwa stagnaUs to 
the influence of saline w’ater. 
Univalves generally, often become ribbed, keeled, or otherwise more 
or less irregularly modified by the influence of an influx of brackish 
or saline water. In the Miocene Tertiaries of Asia Minor, Prof. 
Forbes found whole races of Neritina, Vivijiara, and Melanojisis 
with the whorls ribbed or keeled, as if through the unhealthy 
influence of an influx of this character. 
The refuse of a chemical factory was prior to 1887 turned into the 
lake in Drinkwater Park, near Prestwick, and the effects of this 
Figs. 223, 224, 225 . — Limnwa atiricularia (L.), 
Salt Marshes, Sea of Aral, 
Collected by Mr. W. Bateson, M.A., 
Showing the result of living in periodically saline or 
brackish waters. 
