230 
THE MEDITERRANEAN NATURALIST 
as two species of the singular genus Cossyphus 
(Dejectin', Breme, and incostatus, Lap.), Calcar 
elongatum, Hbst., Adelostoma sulcatum, Dup., the 
<[ueer little linear Boromorphus tagenoides , Luc., 
Litoborus planicollis, Waltl, and two species each 
of Stenosis and Dichillus. AH these latter were 
to be found in the tufts of grass, with a host of 
other small beetles, chiefly Rliyncophora: among 
these may be mentioned Leucohimatium elonga- 
tum, Er., Dermestes sardous, Kust. Melyris granu- 
lata, F. (abundant), two species each of Spenoptera, 
Aphanisticus, Trachys , and Troscus , some eight or 
ten Anthici, Scleron armatum, Walt! (in plenty), 
various species of Ptinus , Acalles , Gyvinetron , 
Pachytichius, Baris , Rhytirhinus, Ac., with occa- 
sional examples of Cleonus excoriatus, Gyll , 
Rhytideres plicatus, 01., the gaudy black and 
scarlet Lithonoma linibata, F., Platynaspv . s villosa, 
Fourc., and a Thor ictus. Three or four brilliant 
green and coppery-red Chrysomeloe abounded on 
the wild mint, and the beautiful C. americana, L., 
was to Be found in plenty on Lavandula steed i as. 
Walking about in the roads Brachycerus undatus, 
F., and a smaller species were not rarely seen, and 
the Coprophaga were represented, in their usual 
habitats, by the big black Copris hispana, L., 
Geotrupes Hofmannseggii, Frm., mounts, Oliv., and 
hypocrita, Serv., Bubas bison, L. , Onthophagus 
taurus, L., and others of the last genus, all common. 
In and about small pools of water were found 
various Dyschirii and Bledii Georyssus, sp., Parnus 
hydrobates, Kies., and a fair number of the smaller 
Hydratlephaga. Among the wood-feeders the tiny 
Hypoborus ficus, Er., abounded in the small twigs 
of fig trees, burrowing under the bark, and an old 
mulberry stump at Linea was full of Liparthrum 
mori, Aube. Hibernating under the loose flakes 
of bark on Eucalyptus trees at Campamento, were 
swarms of common beetles: among them the pret- 
ty little C ardiophorus 6-pvnrfatus, Latr., in clu- 
sters of a dozen or more. Small puff balls yielded 
a good supply of Lycoperd I na bovistce, F. 
(to be continued.) 
The Serpents and Chelonians of Italy. 
BY 
Prof: Lorenzo Camkrano. 
on the above subject was approved ior printing. 
This work brought to an end my study on Ita- 
lian Erpetology which I had begun in 1883 with 
the monograph of the Anfibi Anuria , continued in 
1884 with that on the Anfibi urodeli , in 1885 with 
the monograph on the Sauri, and finally in '.888 
with that of the Ophidi: part I. Viperidae (l). 
The Italian ofidians of the genus Colubridi are 
as follows: — 
Fam. Colubridae: 
l c Coelopeltis morispessulana (Herm.); 
2° Tropiclonotus natrix (Linn.); 
3° Tropidonotus natrix sub. spec, persa (Pallas); 
4 6 Tropidonotus natrix sub. spec. Cettii (Gene); 
5° Tropidonotus tessellatus (Laur.); 
A Tropidonotus viper inus (LatreilJe); 
7° Elaphis quater radio* us (Gmel.); 
8 Zamenis gemonensis (Laur.); 
9° Pe.riops liippocrepis (Linn.); 
10° Ca.llopeltis quadrilineatus (Pallas); 
11° Cal/ope.ltis longissimus (Laur.); 
12° Coronella austriaca sub. spec. Fitzin. (Bon.); 
[var. conjuncta (Xob.); 
13° Coronella girondica (Daudin). 
It will be seen from these memoirs that the 
same fauna is to be found in Italy as in Central. 
Eastern, and Western Europe, and Northern 
Africa. No species of the Ophidians is indigenous 
to Italy. Italy, however, possesses some species 
of its own, as, the T> opidomtus natrix side spec.- 
Cetti (Gene) of Sardinia and the Coronella au- 
striaca sub. spec. Fitzingeri (Bonap). It happens 
with the Ophidians that which has already been 
observed with regard to other groups of reptiles, 
some of the species having a more extensive geo- 
graphical distribution offers in Italy special modi- 
fications distinguished w it li names of subspecies. 
The Italian chelonians can be divided into three 
groups viz: — those that may be considered as 
native; those of western origin, and others im- 
ported! into Italy at a comparatively late time. 
Species of Native origin: 
1° Emys orbicularis (Linn.); 
2 Testiulo graeca (Linn.); 
3° Thalassocheh/s care.Ua (Linn.). 
( l) Mcnwie della R. A academia de/le Scien ze. 
Ser. [I, vol. XXXV, XXXVI, XXX VI I, 
1 XXXIX. 
At a recent meeting held at Turin by the Royal 
Academy of Sciences, a work which I had written 
