280 
THE MEDITERRANEAN NATURALIST 
ofthe ordinary form. On the 20th I saw for the 
first time on the Rock the conspicuous Satyrus 
Fidia'. L.,*and a week later it was common. It is 
a : very ; imposing looking butterfly on the wing, 
but flies-’ strongly, and has a penchant for the 
roughest and most tangled spots, occasionally set- 
tling on rocks or walls, but is very shy and difficult 
to approach, being, more , easily taken in the. after- 
noon, when it comes down to the newly watered 
roads. I took Theda , spini on the Rock on the 
22nd, and on the 26th, Canonymphi Fonts, E., 
was met with near San Rmque. Second broods of 
Leucophasia smapis, Pyrgus Proto ancl Sao, oc- 
curred this month, the last being much more com- 
mon and widely distributed than the first 
brood had been. Coleoptera , although still very 
numerous in individuals, fell off greatly in number 
of species towards the end of the month, my chief 
additional captures being the bulky Polyphylla 
fullo, L., on the Rock Lagria lata, F., Trichius 
abdominalis, Menetr., and three species of Cebrio, 
unfortunately all singly; Calosoma sycophanta, L., 
was also taken near Algebras. A large Myrmeleon 
with spotted wings was common and very conspi- 
cuous, 
In July, Coenonympha Dorus was plentiful in 
in it locality near San Roque during the first half 
of the month, and Hipparchia statilinus, L.. made 
its appearance on the 2nd, being very common on 
the 9th, when another brood of Lyccena bellargus 
was out, but was very scarce. L. argiolus , L., * 
which I had occasionally seen in February and 
and March;- .was now not uncommon on the Rock, 
and Abraxas pantaria, L., swarmed about the ash 
trees in- the Alameda, which were completely strip- 
ped,, shy its larvae; On the 13th I met with Pyrgus 
fritiilump J3>br(v; alveus, Hb.), by the roadside 
between Gampamento and San Roque, but it was 
very local’ and, on the same day,- took a pair of 
Thfida quercus flying about an oak tree. The dark 
f orm. (efews, F.) of (J hrysophanus Phlceas abounded 
during, the month) and, on the 29th, Pamphilu 
nostradamus, F.,*was added to my local list, and 
was common throughout August, being constantly 
found at the flowers of a heliotrope bush in the 
Alameda in company wilh Lycasrta TeHcanus. 
Sc ia.pt ei-on tabanifonne, Rott., also occurred on 
the Rock. 
August was a comparatively unproductivepnonth 
the butterflies being now reduced to some dozen 
species, mostly worn, though I added r ne species 
to my local list, Lycan.a Lysimon, Ho., found 
sparingly in a waste place near Cumpamento on 
the 17th. Lycaeria leetica was very plentiful, 
much more so than I had ever seen it before, and 
a few good moths were taken, such as Rap/tia 
hybris, Hb., and Centra bifida. var. urocera, Bdv., 
on poplar trunks, and JFgasom < repandum, Hb., 
in the larva state near month of the Palamones 
River, where Ocneria dispar, L . had evidently 
been abundant earlier in the season, judging from 
the number of its egg patches on the oak trunks 
My chief captures this month were among the 
Hydmdephaga, as in a small deep pool in the bed 
of a winter stream near Gampamento, I obtained 
Fyticus circuvfiexus, F., Cyhister Roesdii, F.,and 
another Cyhister with entirely pitchy-black under- 
side (I think C. tnpv.nctatus, 01.), all three in 
large numbers, with Eunectes sticticus, L., Pelobius 
tardus, Hbst., Hypkydrus variegaius, Aube, A o- 
terus Icevis, Sturm, aud many small species of 
Hydroporus. I took Chcerocampa cel> i , L.. in 
the town on the 7th. hut this :s evidently not a 
good year for hawk-moths. I heard of only one 
Sphinx convolvuli, and saw only one or two larvae 
of Feilephila euphorbia-, L.; of F. hvonu-.-i, 
unusually common here, I did not meet with a 
single specimen, and Acheroniia Atrop >s, L.. was 
represented by a single larva feeding on the thorny 
Solatium sodom aum, Wild. On the whole, Sep- 
tember was decidedly unproductive, and, as the 
rains have been very late this year, October was 
but little better, though Coleoptera were becoming 
more numerous towards the end of the month. 
At the ivy blossom in the Alameda, I am now 
taking such moths as Leuccnia extra nea, Gu., 
Agrotis saucia. Hb., and puta, Hb.. Luphygnia 
exigua, Hb., Poll a canescens, Dup., 1! idena >'•••'•' >'> 
Bdv., Calocampa vetusta Hb.. .d > ya ■ d $ who- 
nulls Hb., Ac., but all sparingly. 
It will bo seen that no very great number of 
species of night-flying moths have been met with 
by me, but this is probably due to the ; act that 
collecting on the Rock after dark is by no means 
easy, owing to military restrictions, and is quite 
out of the question in the adjoining country. The 
gates of the fortress are closed for the night half 
an hour after sunset, and should the Entomologist 
