15 
What theories, we ask, shall nullify our independent conceptions 
of the final cause demonstrable in an examination of the com- 
plicated mechanism of the Camel’s stomach, associated as it is 
with other co-ordinating structures almost equally significant? 
Our reasonings are not fettered by the consideration that the 
stomachal compartments and their numerous water-cells (fig. 6) 
Fig. 6. 
Portion of the First Stomach or Paunch of the Dromedary, showing 
the water-cells. 
remain, after all, mere diverticula of the oesophagus. In our 
view, on the contrary, these morphological variations do but 
serve to indicate a uniformity of plan, harmoniously blended with 
the development of other tissues, objects, and circumstances by 
which the creature is surrounded ; and, therefore, whilst we 
admit, with Lavater, that every organ is “an assemblage of 
incomprehensible effects,’’ we are at the same time led to 
recognise the fact, that each bears a strict relation to all exterior 
organic and inorganic phenomena manifested throughout time and 
space. Whatever be the history of differentiating specialisations, 
no matter whether we trace them in connection with the formation 
of groups, species, varieties, or even particular organs, I am 
prepared to maintain that such phenomena, if rightly viewed, are 
calculated to strengthen rather than to lessen our appreciation of 
the doctrine of final causes ! 
In regard to the important relations which the Natural History 
Sciences bear to the resources of art and commerce, these cannot 
now be entered upon ; and this is the less necessary, as one 
