68 
Another important point in the classification of the toadstools 
proper is the way in which the gills are attached to the stem. The 
following diagram, showing the four principal methods, will serve 
to make this clear. 
Sinuate. 
Decurrent. 
I. SPORES WHITE OR NEARLY SO. 
(A) Toadstool Fleshy and Putrescent, not Leathery. 
(a) Gills free, not attached to stem. {See diagram'). 
Warts on cap easily picked off, base of stem often enclosed 
in sheath. Agaricus [Amanita], (Frontispiece). 
Scaly warts firmly fixed to cap, no sheath at base of stem. 
Agaricus [. Lepiota ], (Page 12, First Series). 
(b) Gills united with stem. 
(i) Shelf-like forms without central stem. Agaricus [ Pleurotus ], 
(Page 22, First Series). 
(ii) Stem central. 
I. Stem with Thickened Cartilaginous Exterior. 
Gills adnate (see diagram ). Toadstool fleshy. Agaricus 
[Collybia], (Page 10). 
Gills sinuate ( see diagram). Toadstool usually small, with thin 
soft cap. Agaricus [Mycend], (Page 11). 
