CRIMINAL ANIMALS 
327 
control, it would be nonsense to speak of them as 
either good or bad. But they have the power of 
self-control when domesticated. That we know. It 
is only the knowledge that they have such power 
that induces a man to trust himself in a dog-cart 
behind a young horse, or to ride in a howdah on 
an elephant. But they must always have the same 
power when wild. If they had not, they could not 
be gregarious — a condition which could only be 
maintained by submission to a law of “ live and let 
live,” which is perhaps better understood by wholly 
wild animals than by semi-civilized man. Gregarious 
animals not only exhibit self-control to the extent 
of not showing temper towards each other, but even 
obey the command of their leader, when obedience 
to the command must be extremely irksome — witness 
Major Skinner’s account of the elephant leader posting 
five videttes around the tank, at which the herd was 
then, and not till then, allowed to drink. The “ rogue ” 
elephant, which exhibits such unusual and malignant 
ferocity towards men as well as his own kind, may 
be, and often is, an animal driven from the herd 
by a stronger rival ; sometimes he is merely suffering 
from excitement, which passes away after a certain 
period. But this, though affording a reason for some 
of the abnormal conditions found in the actions of 
the “ rogue ” elephant, does not account satisfactorily 
for the strange reluctance of its own species ever to 
re-ad mit it to their society. 
The “ rogue” elephant, even when driven from one 
