ERYciNiDiE. INSECTS. Lyc^nid.®. 2G1 
other parts of South America. In this group the labial 
palpi are generally elongated and clothed with short 
hairy scales. The wings are generally large and den- 
tated or angulated, and not ocellated beneath. The 
fore wings have the costal vein always greatly swollen 
at the base — a character which unites them in some 
respects with some of the genera of the family Satyridse. 
The fore legs are small; those of the male are more or 
less hairj^ and without tarsal articulations ; those of the 
females are rather longer, and with the tarsal part 
jointed; they have no claws. The larva is cylindrical 
or spiny, or attenuated at the end, spiny on the head, 
and sometimes ending in two anal points. The chry- 
salis has several projections on the back ; the head is 
pointed and bifid; it is suspended by the tail. 
Family — LIBYTHEIDiE. 
This consists of but one genus, which, however, has 
a most extensive geographical range. There are species 
in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. They are distin- 
guished by the possession of extraordinary elongated 
palpi, which are densely clothed with short hairs, por- 
rected horizontally. The antennae are short and gra- 
dually clubbed. The fore wings are strongly angulated 
below the tip; and the discoldal cell is closed in all the 
wings by a very slender vein. The fore legs are short; 
in the male they are brush-like and have tarsi desti- 
tute of joints; in the females they are of the ordinary 
shape. 
The caterpillar points out a degree of affinity which 
this so-called family possesses with the Pieridce. It is 
cylindrical, not spined, and slightly pubescent. It is 
very delicately shagreened, and has pale longitudinal 
stripes on the sides, very closely resembling those of 
the Piendm. The chrysalis, however, differs much, 
being short, not angulated, and suspended by the tail. 
Family— ERYCmiDiE. 
This is a very extensive family of small butterflies, 
of which there is but one British, indeed European 
representative — the little Fritillary-like “ Duke of Bur- 
gundy,” as Nemeobius Lucina has been called. 
In this family the perfect insect has only four legs 
adapted for walking. The larva is short, and shaped 
like a wood louse. Plate 9, fig. 7, represents the 
Calydna Calamysa. The figure is copied from Mr. 
Hewitson’s “Exotic Butterflies.” South America is 
the metropolis of this group; some of these — parti- 
cularly the long-tailed groups — have a brilliancy of 
colouring not exceeded by the species of any other 
family of butterflies. 
Family— LYC^NID^. 
This is an extensive family of butterflies, the represen- 
tatives of which in this country are commonly called 
“Blues,” “Coppers,” and “Hair-streaks,” from the pre- 
valent coloration or markings. The following are the 
characters of the family. The head is moderate- 
sized, and has often a small tuft of hairs at the base 
of the antenme ; the eyes are often hairy; the antennae 
are generally shorter than half the length of the costa 
of the fore wings, are often ringed with white, and 
terminated by an elongated distinct club ; the labial 
palpi are rather elongated, the terminal joint is slender, 
horizontal, and nearly naked : the wings are often 
marked beneath with ocellated spots, as in onr “Blues,” 
which derive their generic name Polyommatus, or 
Many-eyed, from this style of marking. The fore 
wings have two or three branches only to the post- 
costal vein. The discoidal cell is generally narrow, 
owing to the distance between the costal and post- 
costal veins ; the wings close over the back when at rest. 
The hind wings have the outer margin often produced 
into one or more slender tails near the anal angle. 
The anal margin scarcely forms a groove for the recep- 
tion of the abdomen. The discoidal cell is closed 
by very slender disco-cellular veins. There are twelve 
British species of Chrysophanus and Polyommatus. 
The most distinguishing character of the family lies 
in the fore legs, which are evidently smaller in propor- 
tion than the rest, and nearly alike in size and shape in 
the two sexes; they are not brush-like in the males, 
but are furnished with a long jointless tarsus, having 
several curved booklets at the tip distinct from the 
ungues. The fore legs of the females have the tarsus 
jointed like the hind legs. The hind legs are slender 
and scaly. The hind tibia has only one pair of spurs, 
which are sometimes very small. 
The caterpillar is short, broad, flattened, usually 
naked, and more or less closely resembling a wood-louse; 
hence their name Onisciform. The head is very small. 
The body is occasionally covered with fine hairs, or has 
the surface wrinkled. 
The chrysallis is short, thick, and blunt at each end, 
attached by the tail, and is girt by a silken thread across 
the middle of the body. 
In the British islands we have five species of the 
genus Theda. Collectors call them Hair-streaks. The 
female is sometimes more brightly coloured than the 
male. Thus in the Theda Quercus or Purple Hair- 
streak, the female has a rich purplish blotch on the 
wings. This species is common in the south of Eng- 
land on oaks in July. 
The Theda W. album, so called from the white W- 
like streak on the anal angle on the under side of the 
lower wings, is occasionally found in great numbers in 
this country. 
The Theda Rubi or Green Hair-streak, is met with 
in Ma}', flying about birch bushes. The larva feeds 
on the bramble, from whose generic name (Rubus) the 
insect derives its name; it feeds also on papilionaceous 
plants. 
Family — HESPERID^E (Skippers). 
This is a very extensive family of butterflies. Most 
of them are small, or of moderate size, of obscure 
colours, and often with transparent spots on the wings. 
