■ANNELIDA. Suctoria. 
•"00 Maldanid.e. 
Family IV.— MALDANID^. 
Tliis family contains only one genus, Clymene, and 
this genus possesses as yet only one species. This is 
a very curious worm, destitute of branchise and tentacles, 
and living in a fixed tube of a membranous substance, 
but incrusted with shells, and open at both the ex- 
tremities. The tube is hard, compact, irregular, 
constructed of sandy particles, united by an exudation 
apparently from the whole body, and fashioned chieflv 
during the night. 
Order III. — TERRICOLA (^Abranchia seligera) 
Earthworms. 
The animals belonging to this order have all a very 
simple organization. The body is truly vermiform, 
cylindrical, composed of numerous uniform but narrow 
segments, which possess no soft appendages or cinhi, 
but are furnished with spines, or spinets, or setaceous 
bristles partially retractile. These bristles are almost 
never grouped in bundles, but are arranged in pairs 
near each other, and upon the sides of the segments. 
There is no distinct head, and neither eyes nor antennae 
are visible. The mouth is destitute of jaws, and there 
are no feet ; the bristles or spines on the sides of the 
rings taking their place. No external organs of respira- 
tion exist ; the vent opens underneath the last segment. 
As their name indicates, the worms of this order live 
in moist earth, or in mud saturated with water, which 
they swallow, and from which they extract their food. 
They unite both sexes in the same individual, and are 
oviparous or multiplied by spontaneous division. The 
3’oung undergo no metamorphosis. The animals pos- 
sess the power of reproducing portions of their body 
which have been amputated, and the}'^ may even be 
divided into several portions without destruction to life. 
Several species have been observed to excrete a phos- 
phorescent fluid, and the skin of others is iridescent. 
Family I. — LUMBRICID.iE {Earthworms'). 
The animals of this family are distinguished by the 
head being indistinct, and all the segments of the body 
excepting the first being armed with setae. The mouth 
is never furnished with tentacles, but is edged b}' two 
lips. The hrislles which supply the place of feet are 
distributed over all the segments, and only rarely' form 
fascicles. They are non-retractile, and never have 
the form of hooked bristles. The Common Earth- 
worm {LumhricAis terrestris) is tlie type of the family, 
and is too well known to require description. 
Family II.— NAID.® {The Naides). 
In this family the head is distinct from the body, 
and the first three or four segments are without bristles. 
The mouth is exactly terminal, whilst in the preceding 
family it is situate underneath a superior terminal 
lip. The Naides are small, pellucid, vivacious worms, 
differing from the Earthworms by the flatness of their 
segments, which are furnished with comparatively long 
setaceous bristles. They are all strictly lacustrine, 
living amidst subaquatic plants, or, half parasitical, 
within the shell of fresh-water Mollusca. They creep 
about actively, and can even swim. The segments of 
which the body is composed are less distinct than those 
of the Liimbrici, though the body is more elongate. 
The number of bristles which each segment is armed 
with, varies from two to ten, or twelve. They are of 
two kinds — spinets forked at the apex, and setaceous 
collected in small fascicles. The animals are zoopha- 
gous, and though most probablj^ oviparous, they mul- 
tiply easily by spontaneous division. This fact has 
been particularly noticed by British naturalists in the 
case of Nais (Stylaria) proboscidea, a small, linear, 
round worm, about half an inch long, that is common 
about the roots of aquatic plants in our i)onds and 
ditches. When this process commences, says Mr. Lewis, 
who has watched the operation, the little worm begins 
to form a second head near the extremity of its body. 
After this head, other segments are in turn developed, 
the tail or final segment being the identical tail of the 
mother, but pushed forward by the young segments 
and now belonging to the child, and only vicariously to 
the mother. In this state, he adds, we have two worms 
and one tail. 
Order IV. — SUCTORIA {= Abranchia Non- 
setigera) Leeches 
This is a natural order of worms and more clearly 
defined and circumscribed than any of the preceding. 
The body is elongated, depressed in general, and divided 
into a great number of narrow segments — the anterior 
conformed into a more or less djstinct sucker with the 
mouth in its centre or on its ventral side; the posterior 
forming a terminal, circular, cupped disc. The mouth 
possesses organs performing the functions of jaws, but 
usually has neither proboscis nor tentacles. On the 
dorsal face of the anterior rings there are in general 
several (from two to ten) small black points which are 
considered to be eyes, and are arranged in pairs. In 
most cases there are no special respiratory organs 
visible externally ; and though there are no organs of 
taste, smell, or hearing, the sense of touch is exquisite 
and diffused. The animals belonging to this order, as 
the name indicates, are all more or less parasitical and 
aquatic. A few are zoophagous, devouring small mol- 
lusks, larvae of insects, &c.; but by far the greater num- 
ber suck the juices of other animals, as fishes, frogs, or 
animals which happen to go into the water in which 
they reside, lodging themselves occasionally in their 
palate, under the tongue, nasal fossae, or even the 
oesophagus. Savigny informs us that during the French 
expedition to Egypt, they at times caused serious acci- 
dents to soldiers who drank at the fountains in which 
these creatures lived. When cold weather commences 
they buiy themselves in the mud of ponds, and there 
pass the winter in a state of lethargy, from which they 
