24 
INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
distinguislied by its greatly inferior size, and by the lesser development of the hind 
talon, which consists of only one row of columns, and is considerably lower than the 
last ridge. In M. falconeri^ moreover, the anterior and posterior accessory columns 
are more equal in size ; and the inner column of each ridge shows a tendency to 
divide into separate cusps, which is not the case in the tooth under consideration. 
The corresponding tooth of a small individual of M. pandionis'- is somewhat 
larger than the present specimen ; and is readily distinguished by its more complex 
hind talon, and accessory columns ; of which the anterior and posterior have 
coalesced to form two large columns situated in the same transverse line, and 
extending far on either side of the median longitudinal fissure. The transverse 
valleys are much narrower, and have no tubercles at their outer extremities ; and in 
consequence of this arrangement are blocked to a much greater degree. There is 
no tendency to the formation of trefoil-shaped dentine islets in M. pandionis, and 
the section of the enamel displays a crenulated arrangement. The first lower molar 
of M. pandionis represented in pi. V., figs. 1, la, of this volume, exhibits the much 
higher and stouter transverse ridges characteristic of that species ; as well as the 
more complex crown, though the latter character is somewhat less marked than in 
m. 2 of that species. 
The dimensions of the specimen represented in pi. IV., fig. 7, are compared 
below with those of m. 2 of M. angustidens^ M. falconeri, and M. pandionis. 
Specimen. 
M. angustidens. 
M. falconeri. 
M. pandionis. 
Extreme length .... 
3-73 
4'4 
6-4 
4-1 
Width at first ridge 
1-82 
2-17 
3-05 
,, ,, third ,, ... 
2-2 
2-68 
3-7 
2-6 
Height of outer column of do. 
. 1 '5 
An homologous tooth of M. angiistidens from Simorre, figured by MM. Lortet 
and Chantre,® has almost precisely the same dimensions as the Gandoi specimen. 
First lower true molar . — The specimen represented in pi. IV., fig. 8, is the 
anterior part of a well-worn left lower true molar ; which from its narrower anterior 
extremity may probably be regarded as tlie tooth preceding the last specimen, or, 
the first true molar : if this reference be correct (and it is confirmed by the relative 
size of mm. 4 described below) it must have belonged to a somewhat larger individual 
than that to which the last specimen belonged. A comparison of the figures will 
show that this specimen agrees in all essential details with the latter : the space 
occupied by the first and second ridges is, however, rather greater, indicating the 
more elongated type of the present tooth : the posterior accessory tubercle {a) in the 
first valley is, moreover, relatively larger, its base extending outwards as far as the 
tubercle at the entrance of the valley : analogous variations occur in M. angustidens. 
The posterior accessory column is rather larger than in any European teeth of 
M. angustidens, which have come under the writer’s notice ; and the specimen agrees, 
therefore, in this respect with the last lower molar already described. The points in 
1 Supra,, vol. I., pi. XXXIV., fig. 1 : tlie specimen belongs to the opposite side of the jaw. 
2 Vacek, op. cit., pi. IV., fig. 2. 3 Op. cit., pi. XV., fig. 15. 
