ADDITIONAL SIWALIK PERISSODACTYLA AND PROBOSCIDIA. 29 
the accessory columns relatively small, and the lateral borders nearly straight ; 
indicating that while farthest removed in space, it is likewise farthest removed in 
structure from the Indian race. 
The circumstance that the Indian race apparently marks the extreme eastern 
range of the species, and the occurrence of an allied form in America, seem to lead 
to the conclusion that the original home of the group was in Europe or Western 
Asia ; from whence it migrated east and west. 
Species 2 : Mastodon (Teilophodon) pandionis, Falconer. 
Introductory — In the first volume of this work^ a considerable series of the teeth 
and jaws of the present species are described and figured. Many of these 
specimens were obtained from the Siwaliks of the Punjab, and others from Sind ; 
but all the tj^pe specimens were said to have been obtained from the Deccan, by 
Col. Sykes. An examination of these specimens, which are now in the British 
Museum,^ has, however, shown that in mineralogical condition they correspond 
precisely with the Siwalik fossils of Sind ; exhibiting the characteristic gray 
weathered surface of the enamel. Among Col. Sykes’ specimens having the same 
reputed origin there is the small tooth^ represented in woodcut fig. 6, provisionally 
referred to M. falconeri, which precisely agrees with another specimen presented by 
Col. Sykes to the British Museum (No. 32,503), and obtained from Sind. The only 
region in the Deccan where mammalian remains have been obtained, is the valley of 
the Krishna, and it has been suggested^ that Col. Sykes’ specimens were obtained 
from the upper part of that valley. The Krishna valley fossils are, however, in an 
extremely fragile and unmineralized condition ; whereas Col. Sykes’ specimens are 
very hard and stony. There are the additional circumstances that the Krishna 
deposits are of pleistocene age, while in Sind the remains of M. 'pandionis occur in 
the lower Siwaliks ; and that no strata equivalent to the Siwaliks are known in 
southern India. For these reasons, and especially since it is certain that one 
mastodon molar, precisely similar to one of the reputed Deccan specimens, was 
obtained by Col. Sykes from Sind, it appears to the present writer to be highly 
probable that the whole of his specimens were obtained from the latter region.® 
First wpper true molar, — The specimen represented in pi. V., fig. 5, is the one 
alluded to in the first volume (p. 214) as being a first upper molar of which the 
locality is unknown. At that time it was thought to be distinct from the specimen 
described in the note by Dr. Falconer quoted on pp. 213, 214 of the same volume as 
1 Pp. 213, 292 : pis. XXXIV. -XXXVI. 
2 One of these specimens is represented in plate V. , fig. 5. All the specimens are stated in the “ Palaeontological Memoirs ’ ’ 
to have been presented to the India House hy Col. Sykes ; the figured specimen was, however, found in Falconer’s private 
collection. 
3 B. M., No. 40,788. “ Manual,” pt. I., p. 390. 
5 It is just possible that the confusion may have arisen in the following manner: — It was known that Col. Sykes 
obtained a large collection of mesozoic fossils from the Deccan, and if the mastodon remains were not fully labelled, nothing 
is more likely than that they should have been assigned to the same locality. 
H 
