34 
INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
Distribution . — Unless the specimen represented in woodcut fig. G really came 
from the Deccan, the present species is confined to the Siwaliks of the western 
Punjab and the lower Siwaliks of Sind. 
Family : DINOTHEBIIDJE. 
Genus: DINOTHERIUM, Kaup. 
Alleged identity of Indian and European forms. — In a recently published memoiP 
Dr. 0. Weinsheimer has come to the conclusion not only that all the European 
remains of Dinotheriuni should be referred to D. giyanteum, but that the Indian forms* 
described under the names of D. indicimi, D. pe?itapotamice, and D. sindiense should 
likewise be regarded as belonging to the same species. Dr. Weinsheimer lias had 
the advantage of a far larger series of specimens of the European form than were 
accessible to the present writer,^ and has shown pretty conclusively that the variation 
in size of the European form is so great as to include within its limits the two forms 
referred to D. indicum and D. pentapotamice. Measurements are also given showing 
that the peculiar dimensions of the jaws of D. sindiense are paralleled by European 
specimens, and indicating that the present writer’s suggestion that this form was 
unprovided with mandibular incisors is not improbably incorrect. 
In India the mandibles of the forms known as D. sindiense and D. pentapotamice 
are so perfectl}^- distinct from one anotheP (no specimens exhibiting any signs of a 
transition from the one to the other) that even if (as is highly probable) they both 
sprang from the same European stock, they may be regarded at the least as very 
well-marked local races ; and the same may be said in a less marked degree of D. 
indicum and D. pentapotamice. The present writer has not seen any last lower molar 
of D. giganteum presenting such a relatively large talon as the tooth of D. pentapotamice^ 
figured in vol. I., pi. IX., fig. 5. 
Although in view of the occurrence of M. angustidens on the western side of 
India it is by no means improbable that some of the Indian dinotheres (which are in 
the main found on the western side of that country) should be identical with a 
Em'oiDean form, yet in view of the great number of species of other Proboscidian 
genera in which the molars afford ample distinctive characters, it seems difficult to 
believe that Dinotherium.^ in which alone the simple structure of the molars does not 
admit of such distinctive characters, sliould be represented only by a single species 
ranging over the greater part of the Old World. On these grounds the writer is 
disinclined to admit at present the specific identity of the whole of the Indian 
dinotheres, which present a very remarkable amount of variation in size and the 
form of the mandible, with D. giganteum. 
1 “Ueber Binotherium giganteum, Kaup,” in Dames and Kayser’s ‘ Palseontologische Abhandlungcn,’ vol. I., pt. 3 
(Berlin, 1883). 
2 Supra, vol. I., pp. 72-5, 183-97, 292, pis. IX., XXIX. -XXXI.; and vol. II., pp. 63-4. 
3 Many works cited by Dr. Weinsbeimcr were inaccessible to the present writer. 
4 The figures do not exhibit these distinctions at all clearly. 5 Described at first as m. 1 . 
