NEW RUMINANTS FROM THE SIWALIKS. 
9—113 
those of any otlicr previously described Siwalik species. Of the European forms, 
those which come nearest to the present specimens are the Pikermi Palceoryx pallasi 
and Tragoceros amaltheus} According to Prof. Gaudry^ tlie molars of tliose two species 
are, in a long series, almost indistinguishable, although the figures appear to show 
considerable differences. The molars of Palceoryx, as far as can be judged from the 
figures, have lower crowns than those of the present specimen, with the costm less 
strongly developed (especially the last costa® of ni. 3), the middle of the outer surfaces 
of the lobes less perfectly flat, and the accessory columns less strongly developed, 
althougli, according to Prof. Gaudry, there is a considerable amount of variation in 
this respect. In Tragoceros the costae appear slightly more developed than in Palceoryx, 
but not so strongly as in the jDresent specimen ; this smaller development never 
admitting of the worn surface of the first costa of the posterior lobe being directed 
forwards as in ni. 1 , fig. 13. In Tragoceros, as in Palceoryx, the costae unite at the 
‘ neck ’ of the crown to form a kind of cingulum. Finally the outer surface of pm. P 
in Tragoceros, and in a slightly less degree in Palceoryx, is apparently more symmetrical 
than in the present specimen ; the middle costa being placed more nearly in the 
median line. Both the Pikermi genera resemble the Siwalik jaw in their elongated 
pm. 3. 
Lower molar . — The lower molar represented in vol. I., pi. VIII., figs. 4, 6, so 
closely resembles the upper one figured in the same plate, that it may be safely 
referred to the same species. It closely resembles the corresponding tooth of the 
eland. 
Distinctness and affinities . — The teeth of allied genera of ruminants are frequently so 
similar in general structure that it is a matter of extreme difiiculty to deduce from them 
alone the generic affinities of their owners ; and all determinations from such evidence 
must be made with extreme caution. The foregoing comparisons indicate, however, 
pretty conclusively that the teeth under consideration belonged to a large antelope, 
of which the largest individuals were nearly equal in size to the largest eland ; and 
that this antelope was most nearly allied to Oreas, Palceoryx, and Tragoceros. On the 
whole, its relationship appears to be decidedly nearest to the first of these three 
genera (although it is quite possible that it may really be generically distinct) ; and 
it may, therefore, be perhaps admissible to refer it provisionally to that genus, until 
more complete remains shall be obtained. 
Admitting the probability of the present form being very intimately related to 
Oreas and the larger Pikermi antelopes, its existence in the Siwaliks is a matter of 
much interest, as it is one more instance of the intimate union that formerly existed 
between the faunas of India, Africa, and southern Europe. 
Distribution.— KL. the known remains belonging to the present form were obtained 
from the Siwaliks of the Punjab. 
1 Gaudry, “ Animaux Fossiles et Geologie de I’Altique,” pis. XLVII.-IX. 
2 Op. cit. 3 Compare pi. XLVII., fig. 3, of Prof. Gaudi’y’s work. 
4 Pm. 3 in Prof. Gaudry’s figures. 
C 
