116—12 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
may be referred to tlie present species.. This specimen contains the tlirec true 
molars in a well-worn condition ; and is distinguished from the mandible of the 
living species merely by its superior size, and the lesser de^^th of the median enamel - 
pits. The dimensions of this specimen are as follows, vis .: — 
Length of three true molars . . . 3'2o Length of m. 3 . . . . . . 1’.5 
,, ,, m. 1 0-85 Depth of Jaw at ni. 3 1-87 
„ n „ 2 0-9.5 
There are numerous similar specimens in the Indian Museum from the Siwaliks 
' of the Punjab, and one or two from the t 3 ’pical Siwalik Hills. In fig. 3 of the same 
2 )late there is represented part of the dentition of the right ramus of the mandible 
of a young individual, showing the well-worn uim. 3 and mm. 4, and mil veiy slightly 
worn : the inner portions of the lobes and parts of the crescents of the last two 
teeth have been broken away. In figure 4 of the same plate there is represented a 
portion of the left ramus of the mandible of a still younger individual, showing the 
three milk-molars in an early stage of wear, and the summit of the first lobe of mM, 
which had not cut the gum. Both these specimens were obtained by Mr. Theobald 
from the Siwaliks of the Punjab; and so closely resemble young mandibles of B. 
tragocamelus that they may be referred to the present species. The onl}' essential 
difference between the living and fossil form is the sujDerior size of the latter. 
Limb-hones. — From the Siwaliks of Niki in the Punjab Mr. Theobald, as already 
mentioned, obtained a nearl}^ complete right fore-limb, and part of the associated 
ramus of the mandible, and axis vertebra of the present species, which are now in 
the Indian Museum (No. B. 268). The fragment of the mandible agrees precisely 
with the one represented in plate XIII., fig. 5 ; and the limb-bones are so like those 
of the nilgai that it has not been considered necessaiy to figure them. The radius 
is one inch longer than the corresponding bone of the skeleton of a male nilgai in 
the Museum of the Rojml College of Surgeons (No. 1347). 
Distinctness and affinities. — The foregoing comparisons indicate that the Siwalik 
nilgai was closely allied to the existing species, but that it exhibited slight differences 
Avliich may be of specific value. With regard to B. namadiciis (Riit.^), it unfortunately 
happens that that species is described on the evidence of crania without the teeth, so 
that it is impossible to institute a comparison between the Siwalik and Narbada 
forms. There are in the Indian Museum some teeth of the genus from the pleistocene 
of the Pemganga valley, which probably belong to B. nainadicus ; but they have not 
been compared with those of the Siwalik form. Under these circumstances it is 
impossible to sa}^ whether the latter is specifically distinct from B. namadicus^ and it 
is, therefore, inadvisable to give it a separate name.^ 
Distribution. — Remains of this species are of common occurrence in the Siwaliks 
of the Punjab ; and one specimen has been obtained from the typical Siwalik Hills. 
1 Op. cit. 
2 It may be observed that the molars of the present species present a superficial resemblance to those of Cervus triplidciis 
(vol. I., pi. VITI., figs. 1, 2) ; both forms being markedly hypsodont. The molars of Boselaphus are, ho-wever, readily 
distinguished by the lesser development of the costte (especially the median costa of the hind lobe) ; and by the circumstance 
that on its outer surface the crown of each tooth is much wider near its summit than at its ‘ neck.’ 
1 
