NEW RUMINANTS FROM THE SIWALIKS. 
15—119 
two views, twice the natural size, of the last right upper premolar of a small 
ruminant, obtained by Mr. Theobald from the Siwaliks of the Punjab ; which is in 
a partially worn condition and is somewhat smaller than pm. 4 of the musk-deer. It 
agrees, however, essentially in form with tliat tooth ; showing the prominent median 
costa, placed somewhat on the anterior side of the median line of the dorsum^, and 
the equally prominent anterior and posterior costse, which unite in a raised horizontal 
line along the base of the crown. The corresponding tooth of Tragiilus is readily 
distinguished by the still more eccentric position of the median costa and the 
practically total absence of the lateral costae. In the smaller true deer [e.g. Cervuliis 
mimtjac) p m. 4 is almost identical in form with that of Moschus, but is very much 
larger. 
As it is impossible to distinguish the tooth under consideration from that of the 
musk-deer except by its inferior size, and as it is distinct from the corresponding 
tooth of Tragulus, Avhile the premolars of the smaller true deer are of considerably 
larger size, it appears highly probable that the specimen belongs to a species of 
Moschus, although it would be hazardous to say that such was certainly the case. 
If future discoveries should confirm this view, it would indicate that the original 
home of the race from which the existing musk-deer has sprung was probably in the 
Oriental region. 
Genus: CERVUS, Linn. 
This genus is taken to include Axis, Busa, Rucervus, Elaphurus, PanoUa, Dama, 
Alegaceros, etc. 
Species 1 : Cnavus simplicidens, nohis. 
Historg . — This species was named in 1876 on the evidence of two left upper 
true molars described and figured in the first volume of this work^ ; although their 
affinities were not fully determined. In the preface to the volume^ reference was 
made to a portion of a cranium belonging to the same species, which forms the 
subject of the present notice. 
Upper dentition . — The above-mentioned portion of the cranium was obtained by 
Mr. Theobald from the Siwaliks of the Punjab ; and 
the dentition of the left side is rej^resented from 
the masticating aspect in plate XIII , fig. 6, and 
from the outer side in the woodcut (fig. 7). The 
cranium is too imperfect to afford a satisfactory 
figure : it comprises the portion between the middle 
of the orbit and the anterior limit of the series of 
cheek-teeth. It is of larger size than the correspond- 
ing portion of the cranium of the Indian Cervus axis, 
Erxleb, but agrees very closely in form : it shows the broad, flat frontals, the deep 
1 This is placed in the figure too near the median lino. 
pm. 3 pm. 4 m. 1 m. 2 m3 
Fig. 7. Cervus siMpUcidens, nobis. Outer 
view of the cheek-teeth of the left side. |. 
Indian Museum (No. B. 349). 
2 Page 69, plate VIII., fig. 3. 
3 Page xvii. 
