SIWALIK BIRDS. 5—139 
is represented by L. crumeniferus [Cuv.]) and the Indo-Malayan region (where it is 
represented by L. argala [Linn.], o£ India and Burma, and L. javanicus [Horsf.], of 
Java). From the Pikermi beds a humerus has been figured by Prof. Gaudry as 
Ciconia (?), whicli may possibly belong to the jDresent genus^ ; and a species of the 
genus from the miocene of France has been named Lejjtoptilus arvernensis (Milne- 
Edwards^). 
Species : Leptoptilus falconer: (A. M.-Edw.) 
Syn. Argala falconeri, A. M.-Edw. 
History. — In the Introduction to the “ F.A.S.,” compiled in the “ Palmontological 
Memoirs,”^ it is stated that “ among the Siwalik fossils there are also the remains of 
several species of birds, including Grallw^ greatly surpassing in size the gigantic crane 
[ 5 /c.] of Bengal {Ciconia \_Leg)toptilus~\ argala)^ Subsequently M. A. Milne-Edwafds,^ 
who had some doubts whether the specimens might not indicate two species, described 
the proximal and distal extremities of the metatarsus, and two specimens of the 
distal extremity of the tibia of a large Siwalik stork in the collection of the British 
Museum under the name of Argala falconeri. At a later date the present writer^ 
briefly recorded the discovery by Mr. Theobald in the Siwaliks of the Punjab of a 
cervical vertebra, the distal extremity of a tibia, and the first phalangeal of the outer 
digit of the foot of a large stork, which were provisionally referred to the same 
species.® Mr. Davies^ afterwards described under tlie same name three other Siwalik 
specimens in the British Museum ; vis., a part of the first phalangeal of the wing, and 
the distal extremities of the femur and the humerus. A figure of the latter specimen 
is given in the plate in Mr. Davies’ memoir ; while the other two specimens mentioned 
by him, as well as those on which the species was founded, are figured, although 
unnamed, in unpublished plate R. of the “ F.A.S.” 
Tibia . — The specimen which it may be convenient to take as the type of the 
species is the distal extremity of a right tibia in the British Museum (No. 39,735), 
figured in the “ F.A.S.,” pi. R., figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c. This specimen is rather larger 
than the tibia of an old L. argala, but presents no other points of distinction. The 
second specimen (B.M., No. 39,734) is also the distal extremity of the right side, but 
comprises rather more of the shaft : it is represented in figs. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c of the 
same plate, and is considerably smaller than the first specimen. The third specimen 
was obtained by Mr. Theobald from the Siwaliks of the Punjab, and is represented 
in plate XIV., figs. 9, 9a, 9b. It is the distal extremity of the right side, and is 
considerably smaller than the second specimen, and slightly smaller than the 
corresponding bone of a skeleton of Tj. crumeniferus in the Museum of the Royal 
College of Surgeons. It presents no distinctive characters from the latter bone, 
1 “ Animaux Fossiles et Geologie de I’Attique,” p. 315, pi. LIX., fig. 12. 
2 Oji. cit., vol. II., p. 572 (1871). The species is undescrihed in that work. 
3 Vol. L, p. 23 (1868). 4 vol. I., p. 449 (1869-71). 5 “ Records” vol. XII., p. 56 (1 879). 
6 The vertebra is now referred to another form. ^ Op. cit., p. 6. 
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