166—12 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
probably indicated by the small epiplastron described above, there seems every 
probability of its indicating a second gigantic species of land-tortoise from the 
Siwalik Hills. 
In the absence of other remains it is impossible to arrive at any satisfactory 
conclusion as to the generic position of the present form ; but the probability is that 
the specimen indicates a species allied to Cohssoehelys and Manouria, and future 
discoveries may perhaps show that it will eventually be necessary to unite the two 
genera. 
Species 2. 
(? Gautleya annuliger, Theobald.^) 
(About one-fourth larger than Testudo elephantina.) 
History . — The existence of this third gigantic species of Siwalik land-tortoise 
was indicated by the present writer in 1880^ upon the evidence of the epiplastron 
noticed below. 
Epiplastron .- — The broken anterior extremity of the plastron represented of one- 
third the natural size in plate XVIII. tigs. 3. 3a. from the dorsal and ventral aspects 
was collected by Mr. Theobald in 1879 from the Siwaliks of the Punjab : it 
comprises the greater part of the epiplastron, broken on the left side, and corroded 
ventrally. On the latter aspect the greater part of the intergular suture, and also 
the one between the gulars and postgulars, are preserved, and serve to indicate the 
form of the gular plates. 
From its general resemblance to the corresponding portion of the plastron of 
Colossochelys atlas and the specimen represented in figure 4 of the same plate the 
fragment under consideration pretty evidently belonged to a large tortoise allied to 
the two preceding species. It indicates an animal considerably smaller than that to 
which the specimen represented in fig. 4 belonged, which was perhaps about one- 
fourth larger than the recent Testudo elephantina. The free extremity is bifurcate, 
but to a considerably smaller extent than in Colossochelys atlas] probably resembling 
in this respect the specimen represented in fig. 4. The dorsal surface (fig. 3) is 
extremely convex; differing in this respect, as well as by the curvature of this 
surface towards the free extremities, from the latter. The ventral surface (fig. 
3a) has not the strongly marked keel of C. atlas, but the gular portion is 
distinctly raised above the postgular, from which it is separated by a very deep channel ; 
a similar channel dividing the two gular areas. The form of the ventral surface 
is therefore about intermediate between that of C. atlas and the specimen represented 
in fig. 4, in which the gular portion is not raised above the postgular, and the 
sutures do not form deep channels. The suture between the gulars and postgulars 
forms an acute angle, as in C. atlas, the specimen represented in fig. 4, and Testudo 
horsfieldi, etc.; the corresponding suture in Manouria emys forming an obtuse angle. 
1 ‘ Ecc. Geol. Surv. Ind.,’ vol. XII. p. 186 (1879). 
2 ‘ Journ. As. Soc. Beug.,’ toI. XLIX. pt. II. p. 16. 
