170—16 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
ally on tlie whole appears to he Manouria emijs^ hut in the absence of an}^ evidence 
as to the relations of the pectoral and pygal plates it is impossible to refer it to its 
proper generic position, and nothing would therefore be gained by giving it a 
distinct specific name. 
Family II. EMYDID^. 
Shell sometimes convex, generally more or less depressed, covered with horny 
plates : feet webbed, and adapted for swimming : pygal plates not united. 
Oenus I. CLEMMYS, Wagler.' 
Including Bellia, Bamonia, Geoclemmys, and Melanochehjs, Gray. 
Carapace and plastron united by a bony suture, and no transverse joint in the 
latter ; 3rd and 4th vertebral plates connected by a broad suture ; plastron flat in 
both sexes. 
Unless the specimens were males showing their characteristic concave sternum 
it would seem very frequently impossible in the fossil condition to distinguish 
Geoemyda from the present genus ; and as Mr. Theobald^ is inclined to regard 
Clemmys trijuga as very close to Geoemyda it is probable that the two genera are 
intimately allied. 
The term Clemmys corresponds nearly with the name Emys as employed by 
Gray in his earlier works ; but the latter name is now applied to the European jiond- 
tortoise (F. europcea), and corresponds to Gray’s Lutremys. 
Clemmys is found over a great part of the warmer regions of the habitable 
world at the present day except Australia ; and it is probable that many of the 
European and N. American tertiary em 3 ulines described under the name of Emys 
belong to it : these range at least down to the eocene.’* The number of recent and 
fossil sjDecies is so great that it would be very difficult to give a correct list. 
A. No heel on the carapace of the adult. 
Species 1. Clemmys sivalensis (Theobald'*). 
Syn. Bellia sivalensis^ Theobald.® 
(Allied to Clemmys crassicollis [Bell]). 
History . — This Siwalik species was first described by Mr. Theobald in the 
passage cited upon the evidence of the shell noticed below, which is now for the first 
time figured. 
Type shell . — The type shell, which was obtained by Mr. Theobald from the 
Siwaliks to the south of the village of Jhand in the Punjab, is figured in plate XX. 
figs. 1. la. lb. of one-half the natural size; and shows the anterior two-thirds of 
the shell, as far back as the hinder edge of the 3rd vertebral plate. It has suffered 
1 “ Syst. Nat. AmpHb. etc ” p 136 (1830). 2 “ Catalogue of the Eeptiles of British India,” p. 5. 
3 Vide Jjeidy, “Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Territories,” x>. 340 (1873). 
4 ‘ Kec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. X. p. 44. (1877). litUia. 6 Loc. cit. 
