SIWALIK AND NARBADA CHELONIA. 
17—171 
somewhat from crushing, but not to such an extent as to mar the general contour. 
The plastron is preserved, but is crushed into the carapace, and is much obscured by 
matrix, except anteriorly (fig, lb) : it is united by bone with the carapace. The 
sutures between the bony scutes are nearly all invisible, which indicates that the 
specimen is adult. Mr. Theobald’s description of this specimen may be paraphrased 
as follows : — “ Shell oblong-ovate, depressed ; very flat along the vertebral region, 
and without the trace of a keel ; sides shelving ; [anterior] margin simple. Nuchal 
plate absent. First vertebral plate five-sided, with an obtuse angle in front ; anterior 
borders straight, lateral concave, posterior sinuated : this plate, like those which 
follow, is notched posteriorly to receive a corresponding projection from the 
succeeding one. Second and third vertebrals equal and similar, mushroom-shaped 
and six-sided : anterior and posterior borders equal; the former convex, the latter 
concave. First costal plate large, reaching to the centre of the fifth marginal. 
Marginals subequal, the first being the largest. When perfect the shell must have 
been close on nine inches long and six broad. 
“ The most obvious characters of this species are the great flatness of the top 
of the shell, the complete absence of any keel or nodosity, and the peculiar 
mushroom-shaped vertebrals. The latter very closely resemble those of Clemmys 
crassicollis (Gray), but that species, at present not known to range north of 
Tenasserim, has a small nuchal plate, which is certainly absent in the fossil. Still, 
however, the two are very similar ; the fossil being rather larger than any specimen 
of the living species that I have seen.” There are no traces of areolae ; and the 
anterior marginals are of considerable antero-posterior width : the anterior border of 
the plastron has an even contour. 
The following are the dimensions of the more important plates : — 
Length of 1st vertebral 
1-97 
Length of posterior border of 1st costal 
2Uo 
Greatest width of ditto 
1-65 
Antero-posterior diameter of ditto 
2-83 
Length of posterior border of ditto 
1-03 
Length of gular . . . ; 
1-5 
Length of 2nd vertebral 
1-52 
Width of ditto ..... 
0'84 
Width of ,, ,, ■ . . . 
1-97 
Length of gular and postgular 
1-7 
Length of posterior border of ditto 
1-04 
The height of the carapace is 2*6 inches, the width being about 6 inches. 
Second specimen . — The anterior portion of the shell of a somewhat smaller but 
apparently adult emydine in the Indian Museum (No, E 91), collected by Mr. 
Theobald in the Siwaliks of the Punjab, agrees so exactly with the last specimen 
that it may be safely referred to the same species, of which it may be the female. 
It shows the anterior part of the carapace as far back as the middle of the 2nd 
vertebral, and the plastron as far back as the hinder part of the a])dominal plate. 
The carapace has the same depressed form as in the type, with the shelving sides, 
and flattened, keelless vertebral region. There is no nuchal plate ; the marginals are 
relatively wide, and the 1st and 2nd vertebrals agree precisely in form with those of 
the type ; the gulars are likewise similar. 
Third specimen . — A third specimen in the Indian Museum (No. E 90), also 
D 
