SIWALIK AND NARBADA CHELONIA. 
21—175 
Species 4. Clemmys punjabiensis, n. sp. nohis. 
Shell. — The fourth Siwalik species of this genus is also founded upon the greater 
portion of a shell collected by Mr. Theobald from the Siwaliks of the Punjab; and 
represented of one-half the natural size in plate XX. figs. 3. 3a. 3b. The specimen 
comprises the anterior half of the plastron (which is united by bone with the 
carapace), and the anterior j)art of the carapace as far back as the hinder border of 
the 3rd vertebral plate, wanting, however, the greater portion of the anterior 
marginals. A few traces of the sutures between the bony scutes can be detected 
here and there. 
The general form of the vertebral plates and the bony union of the carapace 
and plastron indicate without much doubt the generic position of the specimen. 
The shell agrees with the three preceding species in the total absence of either 
vertebral or costal keels, and of areolae, but is at once distinguished both from G. 
sivalensis and C. theobalcU by its much more vaulted caraj^ace, and the consequent 
high angle of the plane of the anterior part of the 1st vertebral plate: from C. 
hydaspica it is distinguished by the latter character, and the great difference in the 
form of the vertebral plates. From the imperfect condition of the anterior margin 
of the carapace it cannot be determined whether a nuchal plate was present. The 
1st vertebral plate is bell-shaped, considerably longer than broad, and entirely different 
from the corresponding plate in either of the three preceding species. The 2nd 
vertebral is hexagonal, and narrower behind than in front : it is less distinctly 
‘ mushroom-shaped ’ than the corresponding plate of C. sivalensis and C. theobaldi.^ and 
has not the ‘ balloon-shape ’ of C. hydaspica. The 3rd vertebral is hexagonal, and 
nearly symmetrical ; its width in front being not greater than behind : it is quite 
different from the corresponding plate in either of the three preceding species. The 
anterior marginal plates are intermediate in width between those of C. sivalensis and 
C. theobaldi : the costals do not offer any distinctive characters. On the ventral 
aspect (fig. 3b) the gulars are relatively shorter than in either of the three preceding 
species ; the suture between the postgulars being one-half the length of that between 
the gulars. The portion of the plastron covered by the gular plates is, moreover, 
thickened, and projects in front of that covered by the postgulars, instead of forming 
a nearly continuous line, as in the three species last described. The extreme width 
of the specimen is 5'2, and the height of the carapace 2*3 inches. 
Distinctness and affinities. — The foregoing comparisons leave no doubt of the 
specific distinctness of the form under consideration from G. sivalensis., C. hydaspica., 
and C. theobaldi. None of the Asiatic species of the genus described by Messrs. 
Gray, Gunther, and Theobald have a bell-shaped 1st vertebral like that of the 
fossiP ; although this feature is presented in numerous North American species, — 
1 The form of the plates in Cyclemys oldhami [Vide Gunther, “ Eeptiles of British India,” pi. V. fig. B”) is very similar 
to that of the present fossil ; but that form is widely differentiated by the cartilaginous union of the plastron and carapace. 
