SIWALIK AND NARBADA CHELONIA. 
29—183 
previously to 1860 by Mr. Theobald from the pleistocene of Moar Domar in the 
Narbada Valley. It was mentioned by him in that year in the passage cited above, 
and referred to a new species under the name of Emys namadica. At a later date it 
was described and figured by Stoliczka,’^ who referred it to Pangshura tectum ; but his 
figure of the upper surface is not satisfactory, as it does not exhibit the characteristic 
bell-shape of the 1st vertebral plate. 
The specimen is fairly perfect as far back as the 5th vertebral plate, and exhibits 
the form both of tlie horny plates and the underlying bony scutes. In general 
contour and proportionate size of the vertebral plates the fossil agrees with the 
tectiform group, and the high pitch of the carapace allies it to P. Jlaviventris. It 
also agrees with that species and differs from P. tectum and P. tentoria in the bell- 
shaped 1st vertebral. In the type specimen of P. jlaviventris (pi. XXII. fig. 11.) the 
1st vertebral is much narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, but in a specimen from 
near Cuttack in the British Museum (No. 70. 6. II. 32) the 1st vertebral is relatively 
wider anteriorly, and although not quite so wide as in the fossil, yet the difference 
between the two is not greater than that between the two recent specimens. With 
the exception that the nuchal plate is rather narrower than in any recent specimen 
which the writer has seen, the fossil agrees precisely with P. jlaviventris^ and may, 
therefore, be pretty safely referred to that species. 
Another shell of a Pangshura from the pleistocene of the Narbada valle}’" has 
been collected by Mr. Hacket of the Survey, and is preserved in the Indian Museum 
(No. F 111). The carapace measures some five inches in length, and has a consider- 
ably higher pitch than in equal-sized specimens of P. tectum : unfortunately the 
boundaries of the vertebral plates are totally invisible, so that the specimen cannot 
be specifically determined. 
Siwalik specimen . — The specimen of the shell of a Pangshura represented of two- 
fifths the natural size in plate XXII. fig. 3. was obtained from the Siwalik Hills, and 
is preserved in the Cautley collection of the British Museum.' It comprises the 
greater part of the shell, the plastron being fairly complete, and the carapace 
showing the form of the hinder part of the 1st vertebral plate, the complete 2nd 
and 3rd vertebrals, the greater part of the 5th, the first two costals, the pygals, and 
several of the marginals. 
The portion of the 1st vertebral still remaining shows that this plate was bell- 
shaped, as in P. jlaviventris : the strongly keeled 2nd and 3rd vertebrals differentiate 
the specimen from P. smithi, while the elongated 2nd and the wide 5th vertebral 
distinguish it from P. sijlhetensis. The characteristic form of the 1st vertebral and 
the general agreement in the contour of the carapace and of the 2nd and 3rd 
1 ‘Eec. G-eol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. II. p. 36. pi. I. fig. 1. 
2 Three views (§) of this specimen, are given in “Falconer’s Palaeontological Memoirs,” vol. I. pi. XXXII. figs. 1-3, 
where it is referred to P. (Emy'J tectum, and erroneously regarded as being the identical Siwalik .specimen described by 
Falconer. The view of the upper surface is incorrect, the shape of the 2nd and 3rd vertebral plates being wrongly drawn, 
and the space which should be occupied by the 4th vertebral plate filled with scutes which the artist has represented as plates. 
H 
