184—30 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
vertebrals with recent specimens of P, flaviventris [e.g. Brit. Mus. No. 70. 11. 29. 50), 
indicates the probable specific identity of the Siwalik specimen with the existing 
species. The 2nd costal suture, although joining the 3rd vertebral plate at the same 
point as in recent specimens, makes a backward bend, but this can hardly be considered 
a character of specific value. The dimensions of the fossil are as follows, in inches, 
viz . : — 
Greatest width of shell 
„ height ,, ,, 
6'2 Width of 2nd vertebral plate . . . 1-25 
3 25 Length,, 3rd ,, ,, . . . 1-25 
Length of plastron .... 6’8 Width ,, ., ,, ,, ... 1'2 
,, ,, 2nd vertebral plat^ . . . 1'5 Length,, 4th ,, ,, . . . 2'45 
Distribution. — The type specimen of P. flaviventris was obtained from the 
Ganges at Allahabad, and there is a specimen in the British Museum from the 
Mahanadi basin near Cuttack. The Siwalik specimen came from within either the 
Jamna or Ganges basin ; and the Narbada specimen indicates the former westerly 
distribution of the species. 
Pangshura, sp. 2. 
History . — In “Falconer’s Palaeontological Memoirs”^ an essay of Falconer’s on 
a small fossil emydine from the Siwaliks was for the first time printed. This essay 
is illustrated with figures of the shell of a Siwalik Pangshura in the British Museum 
considered by the editor of the ‘ Memoirs ’ as the one described by Falconer : 
Stoliczka,^ however, suggested that this was not the case, and a comparison of 
another specimen in the British Museum has shown the correctness of this suggestion : 
the figured specimen is the one referred above to P. flaviventris. In Falconer’s essay 
the specimen described was referred to the existing Pangshura tectum (Bell) : it must, 
however, be borne in mind that the essay in question was written in 1844, at which 
date only two out of the five existing species mentioned in the foregoing list (page 
182) had been described, viz..^ P. tectum and P. tentoria^^ and it is, therefore, not 
improbable that Falconer might have modified his original view if he had published 
the essay himself. 
Bhell . — The specimen described by Falconer is figured from the upper surface 
of three-fourths the natural size in plate XXII. fig. 1, the first three vertebral plates 
being drawn of the full size in fig. 12. “ It was embedded in a hard sandstone 
matrix which fills the hollow of the shell, and the bony part is densely infiltrated 
with hydrate of iron and siliceous matter, so as to give it a dark colour and great 
specific gravity. It comprises nearly the whole of the carapace as far back as the 
commencement of the last vertebral plate. The margin is broken off in front, and 
the gular and anal portions of the plastron are also wanting. All the rest of the 
shell is distinctly shown. It has been exposed to a crush which has altered a little 
the form of the shell at the junction of the right sterno-costal piece with the ribs, 
and caused a longitudinal ‘ fault ’ on the left side of the plastron between the median * 
line and the keel. 
1 Vol. I. pp. 382-387, pi. XXXII. figs. 1-3. (1868). 
3 Gray, ‘ Proc. Zool. Soc.’ 1834, j). 54, Emys. 
2 ‘ Eec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. II. p. 38. 
