SIWALIK AND NAEBADA CHELONIA. 
47—201 
the fossil nuchal being less than half the complete specimen, a length of 22 inches 
would not appear too large an estimate for the length of the complete carapace. 
The tubercles on the nuchal scute are large, blunt, and somewhat irregular in 
shape ; and present a considerable resemblance to those of adult specimens of E. 
granosa. Those on the marginal scute are also blunt and low: but of regular form 
and tolerably closely approximated. 
Distinctness and affinities. — The foregoing comparisons' indicate the existence of a 
Siwalik Emyda of nearly twice the size of either of the existing species, and broadly 
distinguished by the structure of the nuchal scute, as well as by equally well-marked 
differences in that of the anterior marginals. As the nature of the sculpture at 
once distinguishes it from Emyda lineata it may be referred to a new species, for 
which the name of E. sivalensis is proposed. 
A comparison of the figures will show that the nuchal scute of E. lineata 
(pi. XXyi. fig. 3) agrees in structure with that of the present species. This structure 
is evidently a less specialized one than that obtaining in the existing species of the 
genus ; but it is not at present clear what bearing it has upon the evolution of the 
genus. 
Distribution. — All the known remains which can be referred to this species have 
been obtained from the Punjab. 
Species 4. Emyda paljeindica, n. sp. nobis. 
Anterior marginal scute. — The complete right anterior marginal scute of a large 
collected by Mr. Theobald in the Siwaliks of the Punjab, and represented from 
the dorsal aspect in plate XXVI. figs. 5. .5a., indicates a form different from any of 
those previously described. In general shape the specimen agrees with the cor- 
responding scute referred to E. vittata (fig. 4), but differs in that the sculpturing on 
the dorsal surface extends completely up to the inner margin ; it also differs from 
that form, and all the other species, in that on the posterior surface (fig. 5a) there 
is merely a small notch at the postero-internal angle, instead of a groove (fig. 4a) 
extending along the whole length of that surface. This indicates that the adjacent 
marginal was only very slightly attached to the present one, and that the rim of the 
carapace formed by the marginals, instead of being continuous as in all the other 
species, was interrupted by reentering vacuities. The sculpture has no trace of a 
linear arrangement ; and the individual tubercles are more acutely pointed, and 
more widely separated than in either of the existing species, or in E. sivalensis. 
The length of the specimen is 3T, and its greatest width 1-7 inches; and it probably 
indicates a form slightly smaller than the last-named species. 
N^uchal scute. — Part of the left half of the nuchal scute of a large Emyda in the 
Indian Museum (No. E 132A), with the same history as the last specimen, is rather 
smaller than the homologous scute of E. sivalensis, with which it agrees in the 
concave contour of the. anterior border. The sculpture, of which a portion is 
represented in plate XXVI. fig. 10, has not a linear arrangement, and differs from 
