230—22 INDIAN TEETIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
separated from the premaxillse, 1st mandibular tooth biting into a notch, and 4th 
into a pit in the cranium, maxillary teeth biting entirely on the outer side of the 
mandibular, splenial entering largely into mandibular symphysis, extremity of 
rostrum not expanded, facial profile straight. 
Species. Rhamphosuchus crassidens (Falc. and Caut.^) 
Syn. Crocodilus [Leptorhynchus) crassidens, Falc. and Caut.^ 
Gharialis crassidens, nobis.^ 
History. — The earliest notice of this species occurs in the passage in the ‘ Trans. 
Geol. Soc.’ cited below, where it is described as “an immense species far exceeding 
existing ones, and forming a passage from the gharials into the true crocodiles. It 
has the cylindrical muzzle and synostosized lower jaw of the former, with the blunt 
thick teeth of the latter.” In 1868 the type specimen of this species was figured in 
“ Falconer’s Palseontological Memoirs,” vol. I. pi. XXIX. fig. 1, under the name of 
Crocodilus [Leptorhynchus) crassidens'^', a second specimen is figured in fig. 2 of the 
same plate, but is described as belonging to the craniumj whereas it is really (as will 
be seen below) part of the mandible. In 1880 the present writer® accepted Falconer’s 
generic determination, merely substituting Gharialis for Leptorhynchus. 
Rostrum . — The specimen which may be regarded as the type is in the British 
Museum, and was obtained from the typical Siwalik Hills ; its state of preservation 
is more perfect than is usually the case with large fossils from that region. This 
magnificent specimen,® which is represented in plate XXXIV., comprehends the 
anterior portion of both the cranial and mandibular elements of the rostrum ; and 
shows the whole of the premaxillae and a large part of the maxillae in the upper jaw, 
and in the lower the greater part of the dentary and the anterior naoiety of the 
splenial pieces. The upper and lower jaws are in apposition, and a large number of 
the teeth are in situ ; some of the latter being fully protruded, while others are only 
emerging from their alveoli. 
The general structure of the specimen, and especially the entrance of the 
splenial element into the mandibular symphysis, at once indicates its gharialoid 
affinities. The anterior extremity of the premaxillse (fig. lb) is rounded, and shows 
no distinct contraction between the first and second teeth, although the first mandi- 
bular tooth (which is only partially protruded on the right side [fig. la]) bites into a 
small notch. There is no trace of any lateral expansion of the free extremity of 
the premaxillse, which, as in Gharialis, terminate posteriorly in a V ; and are 
apparently separated by a considerable interval from the nasals. The anterior narial 
aperture is not unlike that of Gharialis gangeticus, and its lateral and posterior borders 
1 ‘ Trans. Geol. Soc.’ ser. 2. vol. V. p. 503, note, (1840). — As Leptorhynchus, a subgenus of Crocodilus. 
2 Loc. cit. 3 ‘ Journ. As.. Soc. Beng.’ vol. XLIX. pt. 2. p. 33 (1880). 
4 In the description of the plate the name is given simply as Crocodilus crassidens, hut on page 355 Leptorhynchus is in- 
serted. 5 ‘ Journ. As. Soc. Beng.’ vol. XLIX. pt. 2. p. 33 (1880). 
6 It is also figured on a smaller scale from the lateral aspect in “ Falconer’s Palseontological Memoirs,” vol. I. pi. 
XXIX. fig. 1. 
