TERTIARY FISHES. 
7—247 
family, altliougli remains of Pseudotropius and Bagarius have been described from the 
tertiaries of Sumatra^ ; while spines belonging to various genera are recorded from 
the tertiaries of North America.^ 
Siwalih forms. — Fragmentary remains of members of the family are of not 
uncommon occurrence in the Siwaliks, but it is only in comparatively few instances 
that they are even generically determinable. With a few exceptions only such 
specimens have been figured in this volume as admit of such determination being 
either definitely or approximately made. 
Subfamily I. EOMALOPTEB^. 
Group. CLARIINA. 
Characters. — The cranium is much depressed, and very fully ossified, all the 
bones being sculptured : vacuities occur in the median line of the supraoccipital and 
frontals. 
Distribution. — The group is confined to Africa and the Oriental region. 
Genus. CLARIAS, Gronovius.® 
Characters. — Jaws with a band of villiform teeth : a band of villiform or granular 
teeth across thfe vomer ; cleft of the mouth transverse, anterior, of moderate width : 
orbits small : upper and lateral parts of the head osseous, or covered with very thin 
skin : upper cranial bones covered with granular sculpture. 
Distribution. — The distribution of the genus is the same as that of the group ; 
nineteen species are enumerated in Gunther’s “ Catalogue of Fishes,”^ of which two 
occur in India. Some of the species are of large size. 
Species. Claeias falconeri, n. sp. nobis. 
[From the SuvaliJcs.) 
History. — The one specimen on which this species is founded is now described 
for the first time ; it was obtained from the Siwalik Hills, and transferred from the 
old India House Museum to the British Museum in 1880. 
Cranium. — The type specimen is represented in plate XXXVII. fig. 1 ; it com- 
prises a portion of the middle of the cranium, showing the greater part of the 
supraoccipital [sup.), and frontals (/r.), and the posterior extremity of the ethmoid. 
The , characteristic supraoccipital (a) and frontal (Z*) vacuities are clearly exhibited, 
and indicate the genus of the specimen. In size the fossil indicates a species of 
about eighteen inches in length. The characteristic feature of the Siwalik form is 
the great prominence of the supraoccipital region, which the writer has not observed 
in the skulls of such of the existing species as have come under his notice. The 
sculpture is comparatively fine : the left half of the claviculo-coracoidal arch, which 
is strongly grooved, is attached to the ventral aspect. 
1 Gunther ‘ Geol. Mag.’ dec. 2. vol. III. pp. 433-440 (1876). 
2 See Leidy “Contributions to extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Territories” (Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv.). 
p. 193 (1873). 3 “ Zoophylacium Gronovianum.” p. 100 (1763-81). 
4 Volume V. pp. 13-21 (1865). Twenty species are mentioned in the “ Study of Fishes,” p. 563. 
