TERTIARY FISHES. 
15—265 
well as the extremity o£ the mandible are well exhibited on the oral surface.^ 
Compared with the skull of a verj^ fine adult specimen of the existing form 
caught in the Hughli at Calcutta in the winter of 1882 and preserved in the 
Indian Museum, the fossil agrees in every respect, and indicates an individual of 
only slightly inferior size. The extreme length of the recent skull is 2T4 inches, 
while the total length of the whole fish was but very slightly less than seven 
feet. 
Young slculls . — The anterior portion of a skull from the Siwalik Hills preserved 
in the British Museum (No. 16402,e. Cautley collection) agrees precisely in form 
with the preceding specimen, and indicates a half-grown individual. A second 
specimen in the same collection (No. 16403, a) comprises the entire skull of a very 
young individual. The total length of this specimen (which is in too damaged a 
condition to afford a satisfactory figure) is only 3T inches. 
Distribution . — The existing Bagarius yarrelli has a very wide distribution, being 
found in the larger rivers of both India and Java, and descending to their estuaries.^ 
The occurrence of the species in the pliocene of India may perhaps help to account 
for this distribution, as it has been considered probable that Java and the adjacent 
islands have been at one time connected with the Asiatic continent.*^ 
Generically Undetermined Specimens. 
Fin-spine . — The fragment of a spine probably belonging to the dorsal fin of a 
medium-sized siluroid represented in plate XXXVII. figs. 10, 10a, was collected by 
Mr. Theobald in the Siwaliks of the Punjab ; and may belong to one of the species 
described above. 
Humeral arch . — A reconsideration of the specimen described and figured on page 
206 of the present volume as part of the first costal scute of a species of Trionyx has 
led the writer to believe that it is probably part of the humeral arch of a large siluroid 
allied to the existing African genus Auchenoglanis ; the element which the writer 
considered as the vertebral articulation being really part of the socket for the spine 
of the pectoral fin. The specimen noticed on the same page as part of a nuchal 
scute may perhaps also belong to a siluroid. 
Family II. GYPRINODONTIDAE. 
Characters . — Head and body covered with scales ; barbels absent ; teeth in both 
jaws. 
Distribution . — The family is represented at the present day by twenty genera, 
which are found in the freshwaters of south Europe, Africa, Asia, and America. 
The majority of the species are of very small size, but one species of the American 
genus Anableps attains a length of twelve inches, F ossil species apparently belonging 
to Cyprinodon have been described from the upper tertiaries of Europe.^ 
1 These parts are shown in M’Clelland’s figure. 2 Day “ Fishes of India,” p. 495 (1878). 
3 Wallace “Island Life,” p. 359 (1880). 4 Ftcis Agassiz “Poissons Fossiles,” vol. V. pt. 2. pp. 48-56. — Lcbias. 
