272 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Section III. RENILLEA. 
Raehis expanded in the form of a leaf, with bilateral arrangement of the polyps on one side of 
the expansion, without pinnules. A single large siphonozoid terminates the end of the central stem. 
XII. Renillid^e. 
Section IV. VERETILLEA. 
Club-shaped colonies, without pinnules. Polyps arranged all around the raehis. 
XIII. Cavernulariixe. Spicules long. 
XIV. Lituarid.®. Spicules short. 
Order III. GORGONACEA. 
Fixed colonial Alcyonaria with a more or less firm internal axis, which is covered with a coenen- 
chyma from which the polyps with short body cavities arise. 
Section I. SCLERAXONIA. 
Upright, branched polyp colonies. Polyp tubes short, surrounded by a canaliferous ccenenchyma 
containing spicules. Stem of a cortical substance containing the polyps and a central medullary sub- 
stance. The spicules of latter are generally packed, sometimes fastened together by a horny secretion, 
or even cemented into a strong axis by a calcareous material. 
I. Briarkid.e. Ccenenchyma a polyp bearing cortex and a medullary substance of closely packed 
spicules. Subfamilies: (1) Bricireinse. Central mass with nutritive canals; genera 1 to 7. 
(2) Spongioderminse. Central mass without nutritive canals; genera 8 to 10. 
II. Sclebogorgidje. Distinct, axis formed by a mass of closely intercalated spicules with dense horny 
sheaths. Axis surrounded by numerous canals. Polyps exhibit a wart-like protruding 
calyx, within which the tentacles may be completely retracted. 
III. Melitodid/E. Axis well marked, jointed, the alternate segments being of a hard calcareous and 
of a soft horny substance, the soft joints being formed of loose calcareous ' spicules in a 
mesh of horny substance. 
IV. CorallidjE. Axis of a dense calcareous mass of spicules fused together. 
Section II, HOLAXONIA. 
Axis of horny or calcified horny substance, or of alternating joints of amorphous calcareous material 
and horn. 
V. DasygokgidzF, Colony simple or branched; coenenchyma thin; axis horny-calcareous; polyps 
large and distinct, not retractile. Both ccenenchyma and polyps contain smooth needles 
or spindles or scales. Subfamilies: (1) Strophogorginx. Axis simple, spicules rod-like 
or lenticular; genus I. (2) Chrysogorginx. Branched; polyps large, spicules flattened, 
irregular in form, scale-like; genera 2 to 5. 
VI. Isid.e. Axis of alternating horny and calcareous portions. The horny joints, nodes, composed 
of connective tissue, irregularly calcified in delicate threads; calcareous matter amorphous. 
Subfamilies: Cercdoisidinx. Simple or branched; calcareous internodes very long; ccenen- 
chyma thin; polyps long, imperfectly retractile; genera 1 to 6. (2) Mopseinse. Branched 
from calcerous internodes; genera 7 to 9. (3) Isidinx. Branched; ccenenchyma thick; 
polyps wholly retractile. Genus 11. 
VII. BrimnoiD/E. Axis calcareous and horny; basal attachment always calcareous; polyp cups pro- 
jecting, club-shaped ; tentacular portion retractile. Subfamilies: (1) Callozostrinx. Genus 
1. Cf. generic description. (2) Calyptrophorinx. Genus 2. Cf. description. (3) Prirn- 
noinx. Simple or branched ; calyces bilateral ; ccenenchyma usually contains small 
elongated scales; genera 3 to 11. (4) Primnoidinse. Genus 12. Cf. description. 
VIII. MURICID.E. Axis usually horny, surrounded by an outer layer of variously shaped spicules, 
spiny disks, and half spiny spindles, spiny needles, spiny stars, and scales; spines usually 
project beyond the surface ol the ccenenchyma. 
