THE ALO YON ARIA OF PORTO RICO. 
8. Eunicella. Colony flabelliform, branched dichotomously or palmate. Axis horny. Polyps 
scattered, raised on verrucse or flat. Ccenenchyma thin or moderately thick. Spicules 
small, warty, double spindles. External layer of small clubs perpendicular to surface. 
9. Platygorgia. Colony upright, branched. Axis horny, flattened. Branches flattened in plane of 
ramification. Cal ices sunken into ccenenchyma and do not project. Spicules a cortical 
layer of small clubs; under these, thick warty spindles. 
Family X. GORGONID^E. 
1. Platycaulus Wright & Studer. 7. Gorgonia Linneus, emend. Verrill. 
2. . Lophogorgia Milne-Edwards. 8. Eugorgia Verrill. 
3. Leptogorgia Milne-Edwards, emend. Verrill. 9. Danielssenia Grieg. 
4. Stenogorgia Verrill. 10. Xiphigorgia Milne-Edwards. 
5. CaUistophanu.s Wright & Studer. 11. Hymenogorgia Valenciennes. 
6. Swiftia Duch. & Mich. 12. Phycogorgia Valenciennes. 
3. Leptogorgia. Colony varies much in form, generally ramified more or less in one plane. Axis 
horny. Branches often anastomose, forming a net-like structure. Polyps usually in two 
lateral rows, having between them naked ccenenchyma. Polyps sometimes form short 
verrucse and sometimes are completely retracted into coenenchyma. Spicules are minute 
double spindles of varying length. 
4. Stenogorgia. Colony branched. Axis horny. Polyps project from surface, retractile, disposed 
in two rows or scattered. Polyps bent inward when at rest. Ccenenchyma thin. Spicules 
small warty spindles. On surface a few short, irregular, rough, granular spicules, not 
forming a complete layer. 
6. Swiftia. Colony upright, branched. Axis horny, calcareous. Polyps within verrucas, at either 
side of branches. Spicules of ccenenchyma are scales; of polyp tentacles are spindles. 
7. Gorgonia. Colony upright, varies much in form. Axis horny. Branches sometimes anasto- 
mose, sometimes plume-like. Polyps project more or less, disposed in two rows on either 
side of branches and twigs. Spicules are spindles and scaphoid forms. 
10. Xiphtgorgia. Colony more or less branched. Trunks cylindrical. Axis horny. Branches much 
compressed, forming wave-like longitudinal ridges of coenenchyma. Polyps in rows on 
ridges of coenenchyma. Spicules like those of Gorgonia. 
11. Hymenogorgia. Colony ramified in one plane, upright, of a leaf-like appearance. Axis horny. 
Branches sometimes coalesce. Polyps scattered over face of expanded folia, not on edges. 
Coenenchyma forms a continuous sheath over whole axis and its ramification. 
12. Phycogorgia. Axis horny, divided into a number of thin leaf-like expansions. Polyp openings 
sunk within coenenchyma. Coenenchyma overlays the thin expansions of axis. 
Family XI. GORGONELUDtE. 
1. Nicella Gray. 
2. Sdrpearia Cuvier, emend. Studer. 
3. Scirpearella . Wright & Studer. 
4. Juncella Val. , emend. Studer. 
5. EUisella Gray', emend. Studer. 
6. Verucella Milne-Edwards. 
7. Gorgonella Milne-Edwards. 
8. Ctenocella Val. 
9. Phenilia Gray. 
10. Hiliana Gray. 
4. Juncella. Colony simple or branched. Polyps sometimes small and disposed in two lateral rows, 
sometimes with well-developed, elongated verrucse. Coenenchyma thick. Spicules 
simple and double clubs in external layer. 
6. Verucella. Colony branched. Axis lamellar and calcified. Verrucse wart-like, on summits of 
which bases of tentacles form an eight-ray r ed operculum. Spicules of coenenchyma beset 
with roundish and conical warts, double spindles, and simple spindles. 
8. Ctenocella. Colony branched in one plane, with branches on upper side only of stem. Polyps 
short, disposed on two sides of twigs. Coenenchymia has distinct median furrows. 
Spicules warty double clubs. 
