BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
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The figure given by Oken, pi. n, second column, bottom figure, is a copy, somewhat reduced, of 
Esper’s pi. iv a, which is Madrepora mxandrites Linn. = Meandrina mxandrites (Linn.). I think it 
best to consider the figured species as the type of the genus. This would make Mxandra, Oken a 
synonym of Meandrina Lamarck. Lamarck in 1816 included nine species in his Meandrina , the last 
one being the Madrepora filograna of Esper ( =clivosa of Ellis & Solander). Dana’s Ctenophyllia covers 
precisely the same ground as Lamarck’s original Meandrina, In 1848 Milne- Edwards & Haime, in the 
Ann. Sci. Nat-., t. x, use Ctenophyllia, for Lamarck’s original Meandrina, (following Dana), and in the 
Comptes Rendus, t. xvii, mak e filograna the type of Meandrina, i. e., they ignored the Systeme des 
Animaux sans Vertebres of 1801, and selected as the type of the genus the last species referred to 
the genus in Lamarck’s Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres of 1816. In 1851, in their 
Polypiers des Terrains Paleozoiques, Pectinia of Oken replaces their previous Ctenophyllia; the same 
course is followed in the Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaries in 1857. 
The type of Meandrina being fi xed, we can make disposition of the other names. First, as to Pectinia, 
Since two species were originally included in the genus by Oken, one of them must be the type. The 
species pectinata can not be the type, because it was already the type of Meandrina; therefore lactuca 
must become the type of Pectinia, and Tridacophyllia of Milne-Edwards & Haime must become a 
synonym of Pectinia. Mxandra becomes a synonym of Meandrina. Ctenophyllia, is an exact synonym 
of Meandrina. A new name must be used for what Milne-Edwards & Haime have called Mseandrina. 
The name Platygyra of Ehrenberg, 1 which has not been used by subsequent authors, is available. 
This name is fully discussed later in considering the species referable to it. 
These changes in the names are unfortunate, but they can scarcely be avoided. They may be 
summarized thus: 
Present names. 
Name used by Milne- 
Edwards & Haime, 
1857. 
Pectinia. 
Tridacophyllia. 
Mseandrina. 
Pectinia 
Meandrina maeandrites (Linn.)? Young. PI. in; PI. iv, fig. 1. 
1758. Madrepora mxandrites, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 794. 
1766. Madrepora mxandrites, Pallas (as applied to Seba, t. in, pi. cxi, tig. 8), Elench. Zooph., p. 292. 
1766. Madrepora labyrinthica, Pallas (non-Linnaeus), op. cit., p. 297. Synonymy given by Pallas, not of Madrepora 
mxandrites Linnaeus. 
1797. Madrepora lamellosa, Humphreys, Mus. Calonn., p. 66. 
1801. Meandrina pectinata, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. s. Vert., p. 372. 
1815. Pectinia pectinata, Oken, Lehrb. Naturgeseli., p. 68. 
1815. Mxandra labyrinthiformis, b, Oken, op. cit., p. 70. 
1834. Manicina pachyphylla, Ehrenberg, Cor. Roth. Meer., Abhandl. K’gl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for 1832, p. 326. 
1846. Ctenophyllia meandrites, Dana, Zooph. Wilkes Expl. Exp., p. 170, pi. xiv, fig. 13. 
1846. Ctenophyllia quadrata. Dana, op. cit., p. 170, pi. xiv, tig. 14. 
1851. Pectinia mxandrites, Milne-Edwards & Haime, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, t. v, p. 57. 
1851. Pectinia quadrata. Milne-Edwards A Haime, op. sup. cit., p. 57. 
1861. Pectinia disticha, Duchassaing & Michelotti, Mem. Corail. Ant., p. 66 (of reprint), pi. ix, fig. 16. 
1861. Pectinia elegans, Duchassaing & Michelotti, op. sup. cit., p. 66. 
1861. Pectinia caribcea, Duchassaing & Michelotti, op. jam cit., p. 67. 
1890. Manicina areolata. A. Agassiz, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. xx, No. 22, pi. nr. Non Manicina areolata (Linn.). 
Ctenophyllia profunda and pachyphylla Dana (1848) probably should be included in the above 
synonymy. Twelve species of Meandrina ( Pectina auct. ) have been described or named, viz, mxandrites 
by Linnaeus; lamellosa by Humphreys; pectinata by Lamarck; pachyphylla by Ehrenberg; quadrata 
and profunda by Dana; brasiliensis, danse, and sebse by Milne-Edwards & Haime; disticha, elegans, and 
caribcea by Duchassaing & Michelotti. My study of the synonymy of mxandrites has resulted in the 
identical conclusion of Gregory, except that I have also included Dana’s profunda as questionable. 
1 Corallenth. Rothen Meeres, p. 323. 
