THE STONY CORALS OF THE PORTO RICAN WATERS. 
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forms, Fcwia, Dichoccenia , Prionastrea, etc. The name in my opinion should be discarded, as it is a sort 
of renaming of Oken’s Favia. Milne-Ed wards & Haime, 1848, 1 proposed Goniastrea, which equals a part 
of Link’s Favites, and proposed at the same time Prionastrea, which takes in the residue of Favites. 
Favites should be used instead of Goniastrea or Prionastrea. Since the greater portion of Madrepora 
favosa of Esper is Prionastrea, as this is the first name in the list of" Link’s species, and as Prionastrea 
occurs after the characterization of Goniastrea, in my judgment Favites should supplant Prionastrea. 
Tubastree de Blain ville 2 was not given a Latin form by him, and was not used Latinized by him 
in any combination, so it does not have to be considered in a discussion of synonymy. 
Orbicella acropora (Linn.), var. Pis. vi and vn. 
1766. Madrepora acropora, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. xn, p. 1276. 
1786. Madrepora annularis , Ellis & Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., p. 169, pi. liii, iigs. 1, 2. 
1786. Madrepora faveolata , Ellis & Solander, op. cit., p. 166, pi. liii, figs. 5, 6. 
1797. Madrepora acropora, Esper, Fortsetz. Pflanzenth., I, p. 21, tab. xxxvni, figs. 1, 2. 
1846. Astrea (Orbicella) annularis. Dana, Zooph. Wilkes Expl. Exped., p. 214, pi. x, fig. 6. 
1857. Iieliastrsea annularis, Milne-Edwards A Haime, Hist. Nat. Corail., t. ii, p. 473. 
1857. Ileliastnva acropora, Milne-Edwards & Haime, op. sup. cit., p. 477. 
1861. Heliastrxa lamarcki, Duehassaing & Michelotti. Mem. Coral], Ant., p. 76 (of reprint). Determined by examination of 
the specimens of Duehassaing A Michelotti in Turin; probably not Heliastrxa lamarckana Milne-Edwards & 
Haime. 
1863. PhyUocotnia sculpta, Duncan, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. xix, p. 432. 
1863. Phylloamia limbata, Duncan, op. sup. cit., p. 433. 
1863. Cypliastreea costata, Duncan (the type from Barbuda), op. jam cit., p. 443. 
1863. Astreea bdrbademis, Duncan, op. jam cit., pp. 421 and 444, pi. xv, figs. 6a, 66. 
1864. Plcsiastrsea ramca, Duncan, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. xx, p. 39. 
1880. Orbicella annularis, PourtaRs, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. vu, No. 1, pi. iv, all figs. 
1890. Orbicella annularis, A. Agassiz. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. xx, No. 2, p. 61, pis. I, u. 
1895. Orbicella acropora, Gregory, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. li, p. 272. 
1895. Oyphastrxa costata, Gregory, op. sup. cit., p. 274. 
1895. Echinopora franksi, Gregory, op. jam cit., p. 274, pi. xi, figs. 2a, 26, 2c, and 3. 
Gregory has published notes on the synonymy of this species. 3 He bases his placing of annularis 
under the synonymy of acropora upon finding in some calices no septa corresponding to the last cycle 
of costae, while in other systems or in portions of other sj'stems the septa of the last cycle may be well 
developed, i. e., he destroys the specific distinction established by Milne-Edwards & Haime. The 
figure of the enlarged corallites given by Esper (pi. xxxvm) shows three complete cycles of septa 
and costae, and from his description and figure there can be no doubt about his having had the common 
small-celled Orbicella of the West Indies, and that it is the same as the Madrepora annularis of Ellis & 
Solander. 
H. Stanley Gardiner 4 identified a coral from Rotuma Island in the South Pacific as Orbicella 
acropora (Linnaeus); he adds some notes, and calls attention to Esper’ s (Fortsetzungen) pi. xxxvm, 
fig. 2. I have not seen Gardiner’s specimens and do not know how closely they resemble those from 
the West Indies, but we do know that Esper’ s specimens came from the West Indies. He says 
concerning his specimens 5 “Sie kommen von den siid lichen amerikanischen Meeren.” We can be 
sure that what is here called Orbicella acropora is what Esper called Madrepora acropora, and I suspect 
that Gardiner’s Orbicella acropora is a different species. 
The remainder of the synonymy is extremely perplexing because of the insufficient description 
of the species, lack of figures, or that the types are lost or confused. 
Cyphmtrse a oblita Duehassaing & Michelotti. The specimen so labeled in Turin is a rounded-head 
possessing the general aspect of Orbicella acropora; the calices are small, usually 2 mm. in diameter; 
the septa are in three complete cycles, the third cycle being very small; the costae are as in Orbi- 
cella acropora. A specimen labeled Cyphastrsea oblita in the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris 
is an entirely different thing. It belongs to the genus Soienastrea and is the same as the Hcliastrira 
'Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., t. xxvii, p. 495. 
2 Man. Aetin., 1834, p. 368. 
3 Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond., vol. li, 1895, p. 272. 
4 Proceed. Zool. Soc. Lond. for 1899, pt. in, p. 752. 
5 Op. cit., p. 23. 
