850 
BULLETIN OE THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
plaitings, and is associated with a well-defined nerve layer (fig. 35). The endodenn contains many 
small pigment grannies and forms a weak muscle. 
The ectoderm of the disk contains few nematocysts, but numerous gland cells; both the endo- 
dermal and the ectodermal muscles are well developed, arranged on low mesoglceal plaitings. Large 
connective-tissue cells are distributed throughout the mesogloea. The endodermal muscle is strong for 
some distance toward the mouth, but shows no marked concentration around the aperture, such as the 
Dixons found in B. tJiallia, and which they regarded as a second sphincter muscle, circumoral in 
position (1889, p. 322, pi. v, fig. 2). 
The ectoderm of the stomodseum is thrown into numerous ridges and grooves, the former being 
followed by long delicate processes of the mesogloea. The two gonidial grooves are not strongly 
distinguished histologically; attached to the directives, they extend for some distance below the rest 
of the stomodseum. Nematocysts are not plentiful in the stomodeeal ectoderm, while large, deeply- 
staining gland cells are numerous. The nerve layer, separated from the mesogloea, is clearly seen 
in places. The endoderm contains much granular matter. 
Twenty-four pairs of mesenteries are present in small polyps, and forty-eight in larger. In the 
uppermost region they are all perfect; lower, only twelve pairs reach the stomodseum, and still lower 
only six pairs remain, of which two pairs are directives and are much shorter in transverse section 
than the laterals. The members of the three or four cycles alternate in the usual manner, and all 
bear mesenterial filaments as they become free from the stomodseum. The longitudinal retractor 
muscles are well developed, and circumscribed in character. The main portion of the muscle is in the 
middle of the width of the mesentery, but extends more than half-way across the face of the mesentery. 
It is very broad and arranged on fine branching mesoglceal plaitings. The transverse muscle on the 
opposite face is weak. Toward the insertion of the mesentery a slight enlargement of the mesoglcea 
occurs, and a pennon is often formed on the face opposite the retractor for the support of the moder- 
ately developed parieto-basilar muscle. The mesenterial endoderm is much vacuolated, and contains 
an abundance of fine black pigment particles. 
Dissections and vertical sections through the pedal disk show a well-developed basilar muscle. 
The inner and outer stomata are both very small, especially the latter, which is represented by only a 
minute circular aperture some distance inward and below the upper extremity of the mesentery. 
Both the ciliated and glandular streaks of the mesenterial filaments are well developed; the middle 
lobe bearing the glandular streak is often very narrow and greatly elongated. 
Only one specimen, sectionized longitudinally, bore gonads. In his specimen McMurrich found 
all the mesenteries, with the exception of the directives, to be gonophoric. 
This large and variously colored Bunodid has a wide distribution in the West Indies. Primarily 
described by Lesueur in clear terms, it was confused by Milne-Edwards with his genus Oulaclis. 
Duchassaing & Michelotti first doubtfully accepted it as distinct from the Urtirina lessord described by 
the first of these two authors. Later they united the two as Anthopleura granulifera. Their figure 
in the second paper bears much more resemblance to the animal than the two given earlier. 
McMurrich found a single specimen of a Bunodid at Nassau, which, while noting that there seemed 
a good deal of probability that it might be simply a color variety of Lesueur’s, A. granulifera, he 
preferred to regard as a distinct species, naming it Bunodes Umia.tus. I have since forwarded examples 
and sections of the Jamaican representatives to Professor McMurrich, and he has concluded with me 
that they represent the same species as his Bahaman form, and therefore B. tsenialus becomes a 
synonym of B. granulifera. 
The species is now known from the following localities: Martinique (Lesueur), Guadeloupe and St. 
Thomas (Duchassaing & Michelotti), in the bay westward of Nassau (McMurrich), Jamaica (Duerden), 
Porto Rico (U. S. Fish Commission). 
Bunodosoma spherulata, n. sp. Pis. Ill, X, XI, Figs. 10, 36-40. 
Among the collections from Porto Rico were two anemones which from the somewhat delicate 
character of their tissues and the presence of spheroidal outgrowths over nearly the whole of the 
colnnm-wall suggested some species of Cgsliactis, the most likely being the Oystiactis eugenia of 
Duchassaing & Michelotti (1866, p. 129, pi. vi, fig. 1). This surmise was strengthened by the fact 
that one of the specimens was attached to a free portion of a leaf of the marine phanerogam, Thalassia 
