Record of Geology of Texas, 1887 - 1896 . 
55 
Cummins^ W. F. 
Dip of strata. iCoal. No connected scientific observations regarding the 
number or thickness of the seams. iFallacious notions. Extent of Coal 
Fields. Number and thickness of seams. Counties. Difficulty of distin- 
guishing coal seams. 'Seams 2 and 1. Lake 'Mine. Carson and Lewis 
mine. Fossils of the adjoining strata. ISection of strata. Gordon mine. 
Thickness of seam. Coal of (poor quality. Large p. c. of sulphur. Sec- 
tion of strata. Johnson mine. Upbending of strata. Thickness of seam. 
Palo Pinto 'mine. 'This mine also on seam 1. iSeams 3, 4, 5, and 6. Mine 
at Cisco on seam 7. Thickness. 'Not profitable. 'Seams 8 and 9. Deca- 
tur mine. Thickness of seam. 'Stephens mine. Thickness of coal. Water 
in stratum above seam. Economic minerals. Iron ore. Building stone. 
Limestones and sandstones. Clays. Lime. Conglomerate. Gravel. Min- 
eral waters. Natural gas. Soils classified. Water supply. 
65. 
Report of. 
First Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. of Texas, 1889, pp. Ixxxii-lxxxiii. 
Austin, 1890'. 
Administrative report. Instructed to make a detailed section of the 
Carboniferous formation of Central Texas. Tookv the field at Lampasas, 
March 13, with C. C. McCulloch, Jr., as assistant: General route fol- 
lowed. Further instructions to make a similar investigation of the Per- 
mian area. The Carboniferous-Permian contact. Route. N. F. Drake, 
topographer. Difference in altitude between the lowest and the highest 
Permian beds. 
Tile 'Southern Border of the Central Coal Field. 
First Ann. Rept. of the Geol. Surv. of Texas, 1889, pp. 143- 
182. Austin, 1890. 
Contents : Descriptive Geology. — ‘Introduction. 'Cretaceous system. 
Carboniferous. Conglomerate. Petrified wood. Caves. Conclusions. 
Economic Geology. — ^Coal. Gas. 'Oil. Iron. Aragonite. iStrontianite. 
Building stone. Marble. Clays. Lithographic stone. 'Soils. Water. — 
Mineral water, salt water and water power. Irrigation. Rainfall. Tem- 
perature. Timber. 
“The exploration upon which this report is based extended over parts of 
Lampasas, tSan 'Saba, Coleman, McCulloch, Concho, and Tom Green coun- 
ties. 'The object of the trip was to secure such general information regard- 
ing the section as would indicate the special lines of work that could be 
most advantageously pursued in the detailed survey of this region. 
“During the present expedition strata belonging to the ISilurian, Car- 
boniferous, 'Cretaceous, and Recent systems have been observed, some of 
which will be more fully mentioned under separate headings, but their 
'boundaries must be left for more detailed work. 
“The different formations have been identified either by their fossils or 
by their relative positions in regard to other known strata. There is 
great uniformity of structure in the individual strata of the several for- 
