Record of Geology of Texas, ISS'Z-ISOG. 
65 
Cummins, W. F. 
tiary. Economic Geology.. Iirriga'tion in the Pecos Valley. Soils and 
Waters of the Pecos Valley. 
“In the prosecntion of my work as Geologist for ISTorthern Texas on the 
'State Geological iSurvey, I found myself within a few miles of the locality 
[Turn car i, N. M.], and as it was a matter of interest to .acienee in general, 
and to Texas geology in particular, 1 went there and made examinations 
of the strata oonsitituting the Tucumcari beds and their relation to the 
surrounding strata. I made a large icollection of the invertebrate fossils, 
as well as some of the fossil flora.” P. 203. 
“The reason for referring the Tucumcari beds to the Washita division 
of the 'Cretaceous is based upon the ipaleontology of the beds. .During my 
explorations in that vicinity, il collected a .great number of fossils, which 
are now in the museum at /Austin. While the lithological character and 
stratigraphical posiition of beds .in 'certain cases may be very import- 
ant factors in determining the age of the strata, yet it seems to me, where 
paleontological evidence can be had, it is by far the most conclusive. 
“In 1861, Marcou wrote and published ‘Notes on the Cretaceous and 
Carboniferous 'Eocks of Texas,’ in the Proceedings of the (Boston Society 
of Natural History, Vol. VIII, January, 1861. In that article, after 
reviewing what Dr. Benjamin Shumard had written about Marcou’s identi- 
fication of the fossils found by him at Tucumcari with European Jurassic 
fossils, he says: can only express the wish that when Dr. iShumard 
goes to Pyramid /Mount he may find more fossils than I did, and if any 
of them are Cretaceous and below the Gryphwa tucumcari bed, I am ready 
to yield to such proof.’ 
“I did not find the Cretaceous fossils below the Gryphwa beds, but I 
found them in the beds, associated with the fossils found and described 
by Marcou. I believe if Marcou had seen the fossils I have collected he 
would not have hesitated to place the Tucumcari beds in the Cretaceous. 
“The following is a list ef the fossils collected by me from the .Tucumcari 
beds in the vicinity of Tucumcari and Pyramid mountains. 
Gryphwa dilatata, A^ar. Tucumcard, Marcou. 
Ostrea marshii, as determined by Marcou. 
Gryphwa pitcheri, Morton. 
Exogyra texana, Eoemer. 
Ostrea quadriplicate, 'Shumard. 
Trigoma emoryi, Con. 
Cardium hillanum, iSow. 
Cytherea leonensis, Con. 
Turritella seriatim granulata, Eoem. 
Pinna, sp. 
Ammonites. 
Pecten. ^ 
“These fossils at once .show the age of the strata from which they were 
taken, leaving out of conisideration for the present the first two in the 
list. 
“The Exogyra texana, Eoem., is found only in the Cretaceous, extending 
from the base of the Fredericksburg division into the Washita division. 
