190 
Teansactioi^s Texas Academy op Sciextce. 
Kennedy, W. 
($10,755). Oosit of manufacture in Texas ($12.01). I'uel. Flux and 
Markets. 
iPosteript in wkioli the cost of iron is made $9.50 instead of $12.01, the 
decrease being largely due to the introduction of beehive ovens, which has 
cheapened the production of charcoal. 
('See following title.) 
Iron Ores of East Texas. 
Abstract of paper read before American Institnte of Mining 
Engineers. 
Engineering and Mining Journal, Yol. 57, pp. 222-223, 
JSr. Y., March 10, 1894. 
An extensive series of iron ore deposits in northeasitern Texas occupy 
portions of nineteen counties. Out of an area of 10,000 square miles about 
1,000 are covered with iron ore. Topography of the region is “compared to 
a great plain sloping gently to the southeast, cut into many flat topped, 
steep sided ridges and small tablelands by the numerous water courses 
which have their sources within the region, or And their way through it.” 
A few hills reach an altitude of over 700 feet above the sea, “and their 
existence is due solely to the presence of an iron capping found either 
lying upon the surface or beneath a thin covering of yenowish-brown sand. 
This 'Condition obtains mostly through the central and western portions.” 
'In the northeast and along ithe eastern boundary of the area the hills have 
been eroded and the country lies at a lower level. 
“Only two of the great geological 'divisions are represented — the Qua- 
iternary or Pleistocene and the Eocene stage of the Tertiary.” 
The iron ores are classed as limonites. They are divided into three 
classes : iNodiilar, laminated and conglomerate. Each class is described. 
The Texas ores have “fair average metallic contenits, a medium admixture 
of silica and low percentages of both sulphur and phosphorus.” Much of 
the iron produced is within the Bessemer limit. The ores are easily mined. 
The only fuel cheaply accessible is charcoal. 
280. 
Geology of J efferson County, Texas. 
Amer. Geologist. Yol. XIII, pp. 268-275. Minneapolis, 
April, 1894. 
'Synopsis : Jefferson county lies in 'the extreme southeastern corner 
of (the 'State. It is low and flat, a greater portion scarcely above tide. 
(The altitude of Beaumont, the county seat, is 26 feet. The lower half 
of the county is marshy — ^suitable for rice grO'Wing — yet is used as a cattle 
range. In the northeastern 'part of the county the long-leaf pine, cypress, and 
magnolia are found. The 'Climate is sub-tropical. iShell-mounds occur along 
the Neches. As to the geology: The region belongs to the 'Coastal Clay 
'Begions 'Of the Texas Greological Survey, and is classed by McGree as Colum- 
bia — ^^an extension of the Port Hudson Clays of Louisiana. Discussion. 
Section of a well at Beaumont 413 feet deep. A boring for oil and gas. 
