212 
Transactions Texas A(^ademy of Science. 
Penrose, E. A. F., Jr. 
fill rolling country of Washington and Grimes counties, the southern 
border of the timber region. Continujing west aoross the Brazos, the prai- 
ries rapidly encroach more and more on the timber of the interior, until 
they out it out altogether, and finally blend, beyond the Colorado, with 
the great prairies of Southwest Texas. 
*■!(■*** * * 
“The highest points in the timber region, like Mount iSelman and Gent 
Mountain, in Clierokee county, Hynson’s Mountain, in Harrison county, and 
many others, have their summits capped by a honizontal, or almost hori- 
zontal, bed of iron ore or sandstone, and to this covering they owe their 
existence, it having protected them from the erosion which has worn down 
the surrounding country. It has also given rise to a striking topography 
very much like that of the western lava plains on a small scale. The hills, 
locally called hnountains,’ sometimes occur as small, flat-topped hills — 
the ‘butte’ and ‘mesa’ of the west — and at others spread out in broad pla- 
teaus, sometimes covering an area of twenty or thirty square miles, deeply 
cut by the steep sided canyons, and often showing an almost perpendicular 
slope. 'Such regions afford a beautiful upland country, with a soil far 
different from the surrounding lowlands, and a climate excellently adapted 
to the cultivation of fruit. Jn fact, such lands are now among the greatest 
fruit districts of Texas, and bid fair to become a worthy competitor of the 
California fruit country.” Pp. 7-8. 
“For the sake of convenience in description, the Tertiary strata under- 
lying 'East Texas have been divided as follows: 
SECTION OF THE GUT.F TERTIAllY OF TEXAS. 
.Later Tertiary? 
(Grand Gulf , Elilgard): 
Fayette Beds. 
Sands, Clays and 
Lignites. 
;i00 to 400 teet. 
Timber Belt or 
Sabine River Beds. 
Sands, Clays, Lig- 
nites and Glaucon- 
ites. or Greensand 
Marls. 
800 to 1000 feet. 
Eocene: 
Basal or Wills 
Point, Clays. 
ino to :100 feet. 
The iron ores of East Texas are classed as: 1, Brown Laminated Ores; 
2, Nodular or Geode Ores; 3, Conglomerate Ores. Special attention is 
directed to the origin of these ores. See pp. 72, 76 and 79. On pp. 83-84, 
forty-one analyses of iron ores from East Texas, by Messrs. J. H. Herndon 
and L. E. Magnenat, are given. 
335. 
The Manganese Deposits of Texas. 
Chapter XVI of the Annual Report of the Geological Survey 
of Arkansas for 1890, Vol. I, pp. 432-447. Little Rock, 1891. 
Contents: Location of the Deposits. The Geologic Relations of 
the Manganese Deposits. The Manganese Ores — mineralogical forms 
of the ores; Oxides of Manganese; Silicates of Manganese — ^Analy- 
sis of spessartite from Llano county, Texas; Analyses of andradite 
from Mason county, Texas; Analysis of polyadelphite from Franklin, New 
